Dialectical Journal Essay

Montag is confounded of the way that they are remaining before his home, going to consume it, he comprehends why this is transpiring, however he doesn’t comprehend who enlightened Captain Beatty concerning the books that Montag previously possessed, he considered Mildred, and her companions that he had perused the sonnet to, and he was right. â€Å"What a loathsome surprise,† said Beatty. â€Å"For everybody these days knows, totally is sure, that nothing will ever transpire. Others kick the bucket, I go on. There are no results and no obligations. Then again, actually there are. Be that as it may, let’s not talk about them, eh? When the results find you, it’s past the point of no return, isn’t it, Montag?† (115). Commander Beatty is clarifying that individuals never believe that they will be gotten, that it would never happen to me, and afterward it does, and afterward the results that come after their activities don’t matter to him, and that they shouldn’t consider what’s going to happen to Montag after they’re done consuming his home, and the entirety of his things. â€Å"It was quite senseless, citing verse around free and simple like that. It was the demonstration of a senseless damn big talker. Give a man a couple of lines of stanza and he thinks he’s the Lord of all Creation. You want to stroll on water with your books. All things considered, the world can get by fine and dandy without them† (117-118). Individuals that you have given little insight over the remainder of society get themselves supreme to everybody and everything else, and that the world would be in an ideal situation without these individuals living, so consume the books that give you information, and there are no individuals to stand-up/contrast society in any issue. â€Å"watch for a man running †¦ watch for the running man . . . watch for a man alone, by walking . . . watch†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (124). Shows that the police are after Montag, he’s by walking, and alone, yet this hasâ not portrayal of him, so the Police will stop many individuals on their course of discovering him, and that they need another method of singling him out from the remainder of society. They would have executed me, thought Montag, influencing, the air despite everything torn and blending about him in dust, contacting his wounded cheek. For reasons unknown at all on the planet they would have murdered me. â€Å"Mechanical Hound never comes up short. Never since its first use in following quarry has this fantastic creation committed an error. Today around evening time, this system is glad to have the chance to follow the Hound by camera helicopter as it begins its way to the target†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (133). (Imagining that Beatty would’ve killed him, with no hesitation about it, the dog was customized never to commit an error, and if Montag didn’t mediate than he would be dead, and in a body sack at this point, and nobody would’ve minded, and without any justifiable cause he would be dead) The power has no sent another dog after him, to chase him down, hold onto him, and them kill him in as meager time as could reasonably be expected, this shows nobody addresses why they are doing this, and they simply need a decent show. Would he possess energy for a discourse? As the Hound held onto him, taking into account ten or twenty or thirty million individuals, mightn’t he summarize as long as he can remember in the most recent week in one single expression or a word that would remain with them long after the Hound had turned, gripping him in its metal-plier jaws, and jogged off in murkiness, while the camera stayed fixed, viewing the animal decrease in the distance†an awe inspiring become dim! What might he be able to state in a solitary word, a couple of words, that would burn every one of their countenances and wake them up?(135). He is feeling that in the event that he was gotten, would he possess energy for the final words anybody will ever hear him talk? On the off chance that he did what might he say, how might he say it? Would anybody care after t he dog is finished with it’s merciless occupation that is being spilled on 30 million TVs, might he be able to state something that could get the general public consider what the individuals with more force are doing, at the present time, nobody is, however later will somebody. â€Å"And he was amazed to figure out how certain he unexpectedly was of a solitary truth he was unable to demonstrate. Once, quite a while in the past, Clarisse had strolled here, where he was strolling now† (145). He couldn’t demonstrate that Clarisse had been on these accurate railroad tracks, however he is sure she has been in this circumstance previously, a recluse, outwardly glancing in, escaping from the individuals that need to hurt you, leaving everything you’ve ever had or referred to behind, as Montag was doing now. â€Å"They’re faking. You lost them at the stream. They can’t let it be known. They realize they can hold their crowd just so long. The show’s got the chance to have a snap finishing, brisk! In the event that they began looking through the entire damn waterway it may take throughout the night. So they’re sniffing for a scape-goat to end things with a blast. Watch. They’ll get Montag in the following five minutes!† (148). Granger is stating that the commentators that are seeking after Montag have just found him, and they are attempting to make it sensational for the crowd to watch, so the show will have a fast, powerful closure that leaves everybody is a positive mind-set, and content with their amusement. â€Å"Right now, some poor individual is out for a walk. An irregularity. An odd one. Don’t think the police don’t know the propensities for strange ducks that way, men who walk mornings for no reason in particular, or for reasons of a sleeping disorder. Anyway, the police have had him graphed for a considerable length of time, years. Never know when that kind of data may be convenient. Also, today, it turns out, it’s truly usable indeed† (148). A poor man, an exceptional man, that isn't Montag is being persued, rather than the real Montag, he has been followed for quite a long time without his insight, and the police have a deep understanding of him, that can be utilized to outline him, and be depicted as Montag, and now’s he’s dead, replacing Montag passing to be appeared on national TV. The inquiry is finished, Montag is dead; a wrongdoing against society has been avenged.â (149) â€Å"They didn’t show the man’s face in center. Did you notice? The news analysts are lying about Montag’s demise, he is as yet alive and about, and individuals know, because of the un centered view that the camera has put all over, so while the news pursue reaches a conclusion, Montag is as yet alive and breathing, and in Granger’s care, where he is sheltered and â€Å"dead†. Indeed, even your closest companions couldn’t tell on the off chance that it was you. They mixed it sufficiently only to let the creative mind dominate. â€Å"Hell,† he murmured. â€Å"Hell.† (149-150) Shows that the news has mixed the picture of Montag’s counterfeit body on the TV to where even the individuals that are near Montag can't remember him, with the goal that nobody poses inquiry about who that really is, and for what reason is Montag as yet living, and Granger needs individuals to realize that Montag isn't dead, so the individuals realize that the media are fakes. Walk cautiously. Gatekeeper your wellbeing. In the event that anything ought to happen to Harris, you are the Book of Ecclesiastes. (151) Shows how significant Montag had become in the last moment of discussion, and that Montag will be sheltered with the band of â€Å"ex-professors† that have encouraged him, and shows that they speak to the book country, and will help reestablish through the information on books that everybody once knew. â€Å"The most significant single thing we needed to pound into ourselves is that we were not important†(153). Shows that their faction needs to recall that they can’t feel better than any one on the planet, that they should be simply dust coats for books, and of no criticalness in any case when giving their educating to the remainder of the world. â€Å"It’s unusual, I don’t miss her, it’s odd, I don’t feel quite a bit of anything†(155). Shows that despite the fact that his ex will bite the dust in the following hardly any hours, he doesn’t feel feelings, no feelings of torment or love, he doesn’t feel anything towards the passing of individuals, and the sentiment of being separated from everyone else when nobody else is. The main bomb struck. â€Å"Mildred!†(159). At the point when the planes hovering above them drop the main bomb on the city behind them and levels it, he is pondering Mildred, he saw the dividers go dull on Millie’s face, he heard her shouting in his psyche, the million of huge amounts of blocks, metal, mortar and wood to meet the others in the hive underneath. He contemplated no more Mildred.

Markets and Merchants

Markets and Merchants Markets and Merchants Markets and Merchants By Mark Nichol Market and chaperon words, getting from the Latin action word mercari, which means â€Å"trade,† are recorded and characterized in this post. Market, alluding to a spot where products are sold, relocated to English through an old Germanic language, and by augmentation it presently additionally relates to a geographic locale or a segment focused for selling of specific merchandise or benefits, or an open door for selling or a flexibly of or interest for products or administrations. As an action word, the word implies â€Å"sell† or â€Å"make accessible for sale.† Mart is an equivalent as both a thing and an action word, while a general store is explicitly an enormous market. Commercial center is an equivalent for showcase in its different implications, however it might likewise allude to rivalry for strength among different thoughts or belief systems. An advertiser is somebody engaged with advancing or selling an assistance; the calling is called showcasing. Something having characteristics that make it amiable to being sold, or somebody whose characteristics will make the person in question engaging managers or the shopper open, is supposed to be attractive. Secondary selling alludes to the arrangement of giving extras and parts to an item or to a framework for exchanging a specific sort of items, just as the general market for stocks. A farmers’ advertise is where produce and now and then custom made nourishments (and even specialties) are sold casually, while a swap meet is the place individuals sell merchandise casually, including utilized items yet regularly new and some of the time self-created made items too; both are normally held outside. The financial exchange is a framework wherein exchanging of protections for speculation designs is led. A bootleg market is a casual system of exchange of limited or precluded merchandise; infrequently, the expression may allude to a genuine area where such products are sold. As bootleg market, the term is an action word alluding to purchasing or selling operating at a profit advertise. A vender is known as a dark advertiser or dark marketeer, and the activity is dark marketeering. The descriptive word upmarket methods â€Å"appealing to the wealthy† or â€Å"of high quality† (it additionally fills in as a verb modifier); down-advertise relates to low-salary buyers or low quality. Mercer, a British English expression for a vendor in fine textures, additionally gets by as a last name. Hired fighter, which means â€Å"one who serves for wages,† as a rule alludes to an officer of-fortune, yet as a descriptive word, notwithstanding alluding to one who enrolls in a remote armed force or battles for a private customer, implies â€Å"greedy† or â€Å"venal.† A dealer is a businessperson or broker, albeit at times the word fills in as slang alluding to somebody with a specific ability, for example, in the expression â€Å"speed merchant† for a quick runner. It likewise is a descriptive word relating to exchanging or utilized as in the expression â€Å"merchant marine,† which indicates, all in all, the business boats of a specific country or the group individuals from these boats. (Ship is an out of date equivalent word for vendor; it was likewise utilized during the Age of Sail to allude to a boat conveying products for exchange.) The descriptor commercial, in the interim, implies â€Å"pertaining to trading,† while stock alludes to merchandise that are sold (while a merchandiser is somebody who sells merchandise), and the word additionally fills in as an action word meaning â€Å"buy and sell† or â€Å"promote.† The demonstration or practice of selling products is promoting. Trade is the enormous scope purchasing and selling, by and large including transportation over significant distances (however the word likewise has rarer faculties of â€Å"exchange of thoughts and opinions† or sex). The descriptor is business, which additionally works as a thing to mean an ad utilizing moving pictures, sound, or both. Internet purchasing and selling is called web based business, where the e is a condensing for electronic, as in email (at times styled email). Single word surprisingly identified with mercari is benevolence, from the possibility of a cost paid. Benevolence is empathy or mercy, a lucky event, or a heavenly gift. (The term is likewise some of the time articulated as a pledge of delight of shock, as in â€Å"Oh, benevolence me!† however it is antiquated.) To be kind is to show sympathy or self control, and the word intensifying structure is tolerantly; leniency itself periodically fills in as a descriptive word, as in the expression â€Å"mercy killing,† alluding to killing an individual or a creature to end languishing. Another is Mercury, the name of the armada footed Roman errand person god, who was likewise the divine force of business and travel and, unexpectedly, burglary and that of the planet named for him. The name of the component mercury, which in its fluid structure moves immediately, was additionally motivated by the quick Roman god. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:12 Types of LanguageAnyone versus Everyone50 Synonyms for Tune

Lab Report Of The Cells :: essays research papers

Presentation: The Cell, the key basic unit of every single living being. A few cells are finished living beings, for example, the unicellular microscopic organisms and protozoa, others, for example, nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are particular segments of multicellular life forms. In another words, without cells we wouldn’t have the option to live or work effectively. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class a few days ago we examined the Animal Cell. We were part into gatherings of our own and we each picked an alternate creature cell slide to watch. My gathering picked the slide,'; Smeared Frog Blood ';. Â Â Â Â Â The Animal Cell is somewhat unique in relation to the Plant Cell for just several reasons. One is the manner by which the Plant Cell has a cell divider and the Animal Cell doesn’t. The cell divider secures and offers structure to the cell. At that point there is the Nucleus, which fills in as a control community for the cell. Inside the Nucleus there are at least one Nucleoli. They are thick, granular bodies that vanish toward the start of cell division and return toward the end. At that point you have the Cytoplasm. This is the watery material existing in the cell between the cell film and the core. The Cytoplasm likewise contains organelles, which have explicit capacities in the cell digestion. At that point there are the Golgi Bodies, which fill in as handling, bundling, and capacity for the cell. These organelles bundle and boat things out. Another pieces of the cell, a significant one actually, are the Lysosomes. These organelles are utilized to separate things and contain chemicals. Technique: First we set the slide under the basic magnifying lens and watched it at multiple times amplification level. We each alternated looking. We at that point duplicated them as drawings into our Cornell scratch pad. After that we changed the amplification to multiple times and watched the slide. We each alternated looking. We at that point duplicated what we saw into our Cornell scratch pad. After that we changed the amplification level to multiple times and we each alternated taking a gander at the slide. We at that point duplicated what we saw into our Cornell scratch pad and plunked down together. At the point when we were totally done drawing we talked about what we seen and gave each other thoughts on the best way to compose our Lab Reports. End: All in all I have seen that without cells we wouldn’t have the option to work or neither without cell hypothesis since we would not realize how to treat our body or our cells.

Paganism vs Christianity Free Essays

Agnostic versus Christian The heavenly Catholic Religion had an extraordinary Christian like effect on the brute, Viking Pagans of the Anglo-Saxon Age in England (Elements of Literature 11). The Catholics developed the forceful Pagan Vikings into a serene society (Williams). We will compose a custom exposition test on Agnosticism versus Christianity or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Likewise, the Catholics subbed their warlike religion and after-life to an all the more heavenly and Christian like religion (Chaney 197-217). Alongside the modifying of the Pagan culture and religion, the Catholics likewise changed the Pagans predominant government style to a progressively cultivated and brought together one (Williams). The Pagans didn't anticipate their general public, religion, and government would be moved to a Christian like style, however it did (Elements of Literature 11). The quiet Catholics changed the ruthless Pagan Vikings into an increasingly cultivated society (Williams). After the change the Pagan’s innate like networks was changed to towns with Castles (Williams). Additionally the Pagan’s convention of oral writing being advised by the scop was changed to composed language in which the priests composed (Williams). The insignificance of ladies in the Pagan culture was changed when Virgin Mary the loyalist holy person helped raise the status of ladies (Williams). Along changing the kind of society the Pagans were acquainted with into a progressively current one like the Catholics there was additionally an adjustment in strict convictions (Elements of Literature 11 ). The Pagans put stock in a warrior demise and after-life while the Catholics had faith in a sacred serene religion, this was another adjustment the Catholics made upon the Pagans (Chaney 197-217). The Pagans accepted there was numerous divine beings and the best spot to follow demise was Valhalla while the Catholics put stock in one God and Heaven was the best spot after death (Chaney 197-217). The Catholics had an icon to satisfy which was Jesus, the child of God, while the Pagans took on in conflict to satisfy Valkyries, whom was supposed to be the individual who picked who kicked the bucket in fight (Chaney 197-217). The Pagans lived to kick the bucket in fight, they thought biting the dust in fight was gallant, the Catholics had faith in carrying on with a wrongdoing free life and carrying on with a quiet after-life (Chaney 197-217). Alongside the changing of the Pagan’s arbarian culture and warrior like religion the Catholics additionally advanced their inborn government into a progressively present day type (Elements of Literature 11). The Pagans had confidence in the most grounded warrior being the King, or pioneer of the clan, while the Catholics trusted God pic ked who the beneficiary to the position of royalty would be (Williams). The Pagan lord was known to be the most intrepid all things considered yet Catholics subbed the grit for instruction and started to teach the Pagans (WIlliams). The Catholics likewise crated a Parliament in the Pagan clan, which was something they needed before ( WIlliams). Agnostic warriors accepted the most grounded of all passed on to ensure the ruler after the Catholics had an effect of their way of life it was accepted there was a Diving Right of King (Williams). The Catholics bound together England with their change of the Pagan way of life (Elements of Literature 11). At long last the Pagans brought about a serene society wherein gave a typical arrangement of profound quality (Elements of Literature 11 ). The Catholics additionally furnished the Pagans with a typical confidence of Christianity where was increasingly serene (Chaney 197-217). The most significant blessing the Catholics provided for the agnostics was the change of a warrior head to an aggressor however yet key pioneer to run an increasingly acculturated government (Elements of Literature 11). The quiet Christians of the Catholic religion impacted the savage Pagans off the Anglo-Saxon Age in England ( Williams). In spite of the fact that there were numerous progressions made to the Pagan way of life there were a lot more that should have been made with the end goal for them to be a progressively enlightened country of what present day England resembles today (Elements of Literature 11). Instructions to refer to Paganism versus Christianity, Papers

8 ELL Mistakes Youre Probably Making in Your College Essays

8 ELL Mistakes Youre Probably Making in Your College Essays The number of ELL (English Language Learners) attending American colleges and universities is steadily growing. In fact, according to a whitepaper produced by the American Institutes for Research:From 1990 to 2014, the number of international students enrolled in U.S. higher education institutions more than doubled, reaching a total of 1.1 million students in the 2016â€"17 academic year (Institute of International Education, 2017a). Second-generation Americans, children born in the United States to immigrant parents, currently account for almost 20% of all U.S. college students and 24% of community college students (Community College Consortium for Immigrant Education, 2015).American Institutes for ResearchThe number of ELL writers in the US is steadily growing. Photo by Sean Kong on Unsplash.Mistake #1: Switching tense or incorrect tenseIn my experience as an editor for many ELL clients, a switched tense or incorrect tense were two of the most common mistakes I found. In the English language (as with other languages), the tense of a sentence shows the reader whether something occurred in the past, the present, or will occur in the future. In most cases, if a paragraph is written logically, it will consist of verbs that use the same tense. For example, consider the following paragraph:In their study of the migratory habits of birds, the authors explained that birds migrate due to lack of resources. They will move to areas with more resources. The authors note that birds look for food and nesting locations.Notice how the first verb, explained is in past tense and the following verb, migrate is in present tense. The next verb, will move is in future tense. And the last verb is note, which is present tense. Since the writer used three different tenses instead of one, the paragraph is confusing and poorly written. A better way to write it would be:In their study of the migratory habits of birds, the authors explain that birds migrate due to lack of resources, and t hen move to more fertile areas to compensate. Typically, the birds look for food and nesting locations.Not only is the above paragraph written in all present tense, Ive combined the first two sentences to make it read less choppy. Ive also removed the repetition of resources and authors, which brings us to Mistake #2.Mistake #2: Repeating words excessivelyIts always a good idea for any writerâ€"whether English is your second language or notâ€"to look over paragraphs to ensure that excessive repetition isnt taking place. While your grade might not get dinged for it as a grammar error, it does come across as poor writing.As shown in the example paragraph beneath Mistake #1, the two best ways to deal with this are:Combine shorter sentences that repeat a word.Rewrite a sentence using alternate language to avoid repetition.Mistake #3: Using the wrong prepositionMany prepositional phrases (groups of two or more words that begin with a preposition) are idiomatic expressions, meaning if the y are taken literally, they likely wont make sense. A few good examples are:Beside the pointBehind the scenesIn any caseOn account ofTo a certain extentOut of the questionOn the other handOf courseIn no timeIn advance ofAt any rateAt ones disposalBy heartFor a livingAt lastAt a lossThese are only a few of the idioms in the English language that begin with a preposition, but it is obvious how complicated they could be for someone just learning the language to understand. In fact, advanced writing courses often suggest leaving idiomatic expressions out of ones writing completely, since they can be misunderstood by a large percentage of readers (including ELL readers).This confusion is the main reason many ELL college students use the wrong preposition in their writing. Errors like by the other hand instead of on the other hand, at a certain extent instead of to a certain extent, and in any rate instead of at any rate are common among ELL writersâ€"and rightly so. These errors could ar guably make more logical sense than the correct preposition, although theyll still sound awkward to the native English speakers ear.Mistake #4: Using incorrect articlesAs a student of the French language, I often struggled with learning articles for nouns because of their masculine versus feminine qualities. Although I havent studied Spanish, Ive read that the language contains nine articles compared to the three used in English. So, I understand how article use can be confusing to an English language learner.Just like Spanish, the English language contains definite and indefinite articles. A and An are indefinite, while The is definite. So, the first step to determining which to use is to determine if the noun that follows needs a definite or indefinite article.Examples:A rainshower always makes the air smell wonderful.The rainshower made the air smell wonderful.In the examples above, the first sentence is referring to any rainshowerâ€"or all of them! Rainshowers, in general, alway s make the air smell wonderful. However, the second sentence is referring to a specific rainshowerâ€"one that happened recently or today. That particular rainshower made the air smell wonderful.Once you have determined whether a definite or indefinite article is to be used, the final step is to look at the noun again and determine if it begins with a vowel (or vowel sound) or consonant (or consonant sound). In the case of indefinite articles, and only indefinite articles, this will determine whether A should be used or An should be used.Keep in mind that the vowels are A, E, I, O and U. Most words will follow the general rule of A before words that begin with a consonant and An before words that begin with a vowel. However, in the rare cases that a word begins with a vowel sound but the letter is actually a consonant (such as hour), use An instead. Likewise, when a word begins with a vowel that sounds like a consonant (such as university), use A instead. This might be a tricky proce ss for some, but eventually, youll memorize that correct article to use in these uncommon situations.Mistake #5: Using a thesaurusWhile a thesaurus can be a handy tool for writing, it can also cause some serious confusion if the writer doesnt understand the connotation of words. For example, a toxic relationship means something very different than a lethal relationship, but toxic and lethal are listed together as synonyms in a thesaurus.One of the hardest steps to take in any language is to understand the connotation of a word. This is because much of a words connotation develops over time and even varies by culture or region. In other wordsâ€"if youre not sure of both the connotation and denotation of a word, dont use it. If you are an ELL writer, its always a good idea to have a native English speaker look over your writing to ensure that you havent used words that could have the wrong connotation.One of the hardest steps to take in any language is to understand the connotation of a word, especially in academic writing. Photo by Nirma Safitri on Unsplash.Mistake #6: Not getting to the pointMaking definitive statements is part of academic writing and is the result of studying a topic in enough depth to be confident in your knowledge of it. However, due to the difficulty in learning another languageâ€"and even more so, academic writing in that new languageâ€"making a definitive statement can be a daunting task. However, its an obstacle that needs to be overcome if you want to learn to write well in English.The result of not making definitive statements is a paper full of insinuations and vague suggestions that doesnt get to the point. A professor needs to see a clear thesis statement in your papers introduction, and then clear supporting arguments for that thesis throughout the body of your paper. Even if you feel unsure about your writing abilities, avoid this mistake for a higher grade.Mistake #7: Using the wrong verbalAs you can see from this study guide, t here are three types of verbals, which are words formed from verbs but used as nouns, adjectives or adverbs. Specifically, these are gerunds, infinitives, and participles.GerundsThe gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and is used as a noun.Examples:Running is my favorite activity. (Running is the noun; is is the verb)Knowing is always better than guessing. (Knowing and guessing are nouns; is is the verb)She liked dancing. (dancing is the noun; liked is the verb)InfinitivesAn infinitive is a verb with to in front of it. It can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb in the sentence.Examples:I like to write. (like is the verb; to write is the direct object)They have a suggestion to offer. (have is the verb; to offer is the adjective)She wants to go to Hawaii. (wants is the verb; to go is an adverb)ParticipleA participle is a verbal that ends in -ing, -ed, -d-, -t, -en, or -n and is used as an adjective.Examples:The shouting crowds were out of control. (shouting is used as an adjectiv e modifying crowds)The fallen soldier is buried in an unmarked grave. (fallen is used as an adjective modifying soldier)Mistake #8: The big oneUltimately, the biggest mistake ELL writers can make is to give up. Even native English speakers must practice diligently to become great writers. With practice, youll find that it gets easier to do without making so many mistakes.

Gender Expectations and Courtship in As You Like It and Twelfth Night - Literature Essay Samples

Although some Shakespearean plays carve out a more passive, male-defined role for women, such as that which is exemplified through Ophelia’s obedience to Polonius in Hamlet, the comedies of As You Like It and Twelfth Night explore women’s potential for unexpected honesty, especially within the dynamics of courtship. In As You Like It, the female character Rosalind, who is disguised as a male named Ganymede, is defined by her interactions with Phoebe and Orlando. As a result of contact with each of these characters, Rosalind articulates some variety of truth either about the other character’s personality or the societal conception of appropriate behavior for their gender. The character of Countess Olivia in Twelfth Night, however, expresses her personal attitude about others less for the purpose of exploring the tendencies of human nature than for the hope of obtaining the favor of those to whom she is attracted. In both of the aforementioned plays, female courtsh ip seems to be primarily centered upon a desire to express a certain truth, either about themselves or other characters with whom they interact. The motivation for expressing this inner thought, however, tends to be dictated by the behavioral expectations for their gender. In the case of Rosalind, honest speech is produced as a result of the newfound social freedom associated with her adoption of a male physical appearance. Within the purely feminine appearance of Olivia, however, courtship seems to be driven by a more emotional concern for her amorous future rather than an attempt to improve those with whom her security is not inextricably linked. This social freedom through the realm of courtship is first illustrated through Rosalind’s interaction with the shepherdess Phoebe, who is averse to the advances of a shepherd named Silvius. After the audience experiences Silvius’ painful and apparently repeated rejection by the shepherdess, Rosalind urges, †¦mistress, know yourself; down on your knees / And thank heaven, fasting, for a good man’s love; / For I must tell you with a friendly ear, / Sell when you can. You are not for all markets.† (As You Like It 3.5.110-113) Although Rosalind claims that she uses a â€Å"friendly ear† to make the shepherdess aware of the negative traits that make her unappealing to any other man, it is rather obvious that these comments are instead of an extremely harsh nature. Though Rosalind is primarily motivated to disguise herself as a male because of the physical safety from danger the gender provides, she is also unknowingly presented with social safety. She now possesses the ability to comment upon others’ lack of social success not only without producing animosity but also by ironically eliciting amorous feelings. This concept is exemplified in Phoebe’s later assertion that, even though the qualities of her personality have been consistently abused by Rosalind, â€Å"â € ¦the scorn in your bright eyne / Have power to raise such love in mine, / Alack, in me what strange effect / Would they work in mild aspect?† (As You Like It 4.3.50-54). Ultimately, though Rosalind does not intend to invite an intimate relationship with the shepherdess, she represents a form of truth not bestowed upon her by Silvius that she finds attractive. Whereas Silvius usually showers her with innumerable compliments, Rosalind increases Phoebe’s awareness of her own ugly personality. Therefore, the honesty this male persona produces is accepted simply because Rosalind presents a different variety of courtship that the shepherdess finds more appealing. If Rosalind were not embodying a male figure, Phoebe would not be attracted to her criticisms and therefore would not react positively to her. This freedom associated with her gender ultimately allows her expression of disapproval of the shepherdess’ actions to be positively received. In contrast to these conversations with Phoebe which primarily concern a specific critique of her far too selective romantic standards, Rosalind’s later interactions with Orlando exemplify a different sort of social analysis: that of general gender characteristics. Although Rosalind’s love for Orlando, as well as his overwhelming attraction to her, is made clear after his decisive defeat of the wrestler Charles in the first act, Rosalind displays a different sentiment entirely after her embodiment of Ganymede’s persona. When Orlando claims that he cannot be cured of his love attachment, Rosalind asserts that she has previously pretended to be the female that another man powerfully desired and thatHe was to imagine [her] his love, his mistress; and [she] sent him every day to woo [her]. At which time would [she]†¦now like him, now loathe him; then entertain him, then forswear him; now weep for him, then spit at him, that [she] drave [her] suitor from his mad humour of love to a living humour of madness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (As You Like It 3.2.364-374)It is within this passage that Rosalind first uses her disguise to comment upon accepted gender roles through her contemplation of the unpredictable nature of women. It is evident that Rosalind believes herself to have significant insight upon certain aspects of gender that can cause a relationship to proliferate or fail. This opinion, when coupled with her aforementioned personal criticism of Phoebe’s personality, displays that this character’s sense of successful courtship is greatly rooted in what these gender roles deem to be appropriate. If a woman is unreasonable in her action, such as is shown in the above quotation, the amorous emotions of a male can rarely tolerate the strain. This interaction between Rosalind and Orlando, then, is based upon the same premises as her criticism of Phoebe in that, though Phoebe is scrutinized on a more personal level, both situations maintain the same truth abou t amorous relationships as related to cultural constraints. It is only through the freedom that seemingly male-male communication produces that these opinions about females, specifically those which concern the behavior of Orlando’s beloved, can be expressed without offense. This decision to aid Orlando in ridding himself of his love for Rosalind further develops a significant relationship which ultimately provides the opportunity for even more direct criticism to be well received. Rosalind later extends her assessment of the social premises of courtship to the general tendencies of men as she states that â€Å"†¦men are April when they woo, December when they wed. May when they are maids, but the sky changes when they are wives† (As You Like It 4.1.124-127). Comparable to Rosalind’s honest expression of the stereotypical nature of women, she once again freely criticizes Orlando, but this time concentrates upon a female’s interactions with the opposi te sex. Through this quotation, Rosalind seems to challenge the long term validity of Orlando’s love attachment and asserts that, despite the fact that he now claims to be devoted to his love’s satisfaction, his later actions will prove to be identical to those of other men. She even continues this generalization of his character as she later declares, â€Å"I knew what you would prove; my friends told me as much, and I thought no less. That flattering tongue of yours won me† (As You Like It 4.1.156-158). Rosalind’s mention of Orlando’s â€Å"flattering tongue† once again makes reference to the idea of false wooing that ultimately terminates after the woman has been contractually obtained. This criticism of negative male characteristics, as well as those of females mentioned previously, is made possible due to the closer relationship Rosalind forms with Orlando as a result of her altered physical appearance. The male disguise that Rosalind c reates results in the development of friendship between the characters. This in turn allows her criticisms of Orlando’s nature as well as those of his beloved to be interpreted as playful jest rather than mean-spirited reproach. Although many of Rosalind’s judgments maintain a certain level of clarity, they would not be looked upon favorably unless she is able to create, in the case of Orlando, the friendship which serves to validate these claims. Within her interactions both with Phoebe and Orlando, Rosalind provides a refreshing escape from the characters with whom they usually interact and, as a result of their being supplied with what they perceive to be a much desired companion, they accept Rosalind’s candid nature. Although the freedom of expression embodied by Rosalind is primarily motivated by her need to comment upon others’ social shortcomings, Olivia is more directed by obtaining that which she desires. When she is confronted with yet another f emale character dressed as a male, Viola, she makes an attempt to seize the opportunity for personal support that seems to be offered her. After a conversation with Viola in which she inquires as to her social stature, she reflects on Viola’s answer as well as the nature of her own abrupt change in emotion: ‘What is your parentage?’ / ‘Above my fortunes, yet my state is well. / I am a gentleman.’ I’ll be sworn thou art. / Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions and spirit / Do give thee five-fold blazon. Not too fast. Soft, soft / Unless the master were the man. How now? / Even so quickly one may catch the plague? / Methinks I feel this youth’s perfections / With an invisible and subtle stealth / To creep in at mine eyes. Well, let it be. (Twelfth Night 1.5.259-268)It seems that Viola’s revelation of her status solidifies the positive regard that Olivia has developed and that, though she wonders at the sudden affect that their s hort conversations have produced, this technicality of social privilege more clearly defines the possibility of a successful relationship. Although Olivia is, at this point, able to be internally honest about her emotions, it is not until later in the play that she is able to explicitly express her desires to Viola in an attempt to forcibly create mutual amorous attachment. She confesses that By maidenhood, honor, truth, and everything / I love thee so that, maugre all thy pride, / Nor wit nor reason can my passion hide†¦ / Love sought is good, but given unsought is better†¦ / Yet come again, for thou perhaps mayst move / That heart which now abhors, to like this love. (Twelfth Night 3.1.141-155)This evolution from an inner expression of truth to one that is explicitly directed at another character exemplifies the fact that Olivia employs honesty when she feels it is necessary in order to obtain a sort of emotional security, even if the second party is unwilling. It is evident through Olivia’s final words to Viola that Olivia is of the opinion that, if Viola would only spend more time with her, the powerful attraction that Olivia feels would eventually become mutual. Ultimately, it seems that Olivia believes that her decision to allow herself to be vulnerable enough to express her emotions should immediately produce the effect which she so desperately desires. Olivia further exercises her autonomy when she essentially demands marriage between herself and Sebastian, whom she thinks to be Viola. This truth of expression that augments in strength throughout the play culminates in a proposal so powerful in its nature that even a male character cannot refuse. She states that â€Å"Thou canst not choose but go. / Do not deny. Beshrew his soul for me. / He started one poor heart of mine in thee†¦ / Nay, come, I prithee, would thou’dst be ruled by me.† (Twelfth Night 4.1.53-60) It is most important to note that, in this particul ar instance, Olivia is successful in obtaining a man through her own agency that she believes to be the one she has been attempting to court throughout the play. Although she does display the same powerful freedom of expression which is embodied by Rosalind, she is motivated not by a desire to inform others of their personality flaws but rather by the inclination toward forming a more secure future for herself. In fact, Olivia seems to display a form of autonomy that is reminiscent of that which is exhibited by Rosalind in that, though she does not match the physical appearance of a male, she is equally as forthright. It could be suggested by these similarities that Olivia’s background, which does not include of any sort of older guiding figure, has allowed her to act like an independent male, due to the fact that there is no one else to make decisions for her. It is shown through Olivia’s character that, when a female is forced to create her own positive life circumst ances, she may be afforded the right to speak and act more honestly. Despite the fact that only Rosalind personifies the male gender both in personality and in physicality, Olivia also has the ability to seize control of her interactions with other characters through her candor. It seems to be suggested through these different examples of autonomy that a male character, or even the character of Rosalind disguised as a male, is able to interact with others solely upon the basis of a detached criticism which is simultaneously independent of emotion. Despite the fact that Rosalind is in love with Orlando throughout the play, she is able to successfully embody her charade of a well meaning friend without allowing too much of her own feelings to be detected. In the case of Olivia, however, despite the fact that she is able to express herself freely in a way that is suggestive of a male, she is never truly able to separate from her relationships with other characters her desire for obtai ning a male companion. Ultimately, both plays seem to comment upon the exploration of societal construction of gender and could reiterate that a female character’s potential for freedom of expression involves a true separation from desire that they often cannot seem to achieve without the male physicality to accompany it.

Facts About Eohippus

In paleontology, correctly naming a new genus of an extinct animal can often be a long, tortured affair. Eohippus, aka Hyracotherium, is a good case study: This prehistoric horse was first described by the famous 19th century paleontologist Richard Owen, who mistook it for an ancestor of the hyrax, a small hoofed mammal—hence the name he bestowed on it in 1876, Greek for hyrax-like mammal. A few decades later, another eminent paleontologist, Othniel C. Marsh, gave a similar skeleton discovered in North America the more memorable name Eohippus, or dawn horse. Since Hyracotherium and Eohippus were considered for a long time to be identical, the rules of paleontology dictated that this mammal be called by its original name, the one bestowed by Owen. Never mind that Eohippus was the name used in countless encyclopedias, childrens books, and TV shows. Now, the weight of opinion is that Hyracotherium and Eohippus were closely related, but they were not identical. The result is that its once again kosher to refer to the American specimen, at least, as Eohippus. Amusingly, the late evolutionary scientist Stephen Jay Gould railed against the depiction of Eohippus in the popular media as a fox-size mammal, when in fact it was the size of a deer. Ancestor of Modern Horses Theres a similar amount of confusion about whether Eohippus or Hyracotherium deserves to be called the first horse. When you go back in the fossil record 50 million or so years, it can be difficult, verging on impossible, to identify the ancestral forms of any given extant species. Today, most paleontologists classify Hyracotherium as a palaeothere, that is, a perissodactyl, or odd-toed ungulate, ancestral to horses and the giant plant-eating mammals known as brontotheres typified by Brontotherium, the thunder beast. Its close cousin Eohippus, on the other hand, seems to deserve a place more firmly in the equid than in the palaeothere family tree, though, of course, this is still up for debate. Whatever you choose to call it, Eohippus was clearly at least partly ancestral to all modern-day horses, as well as to the numerous species of prehistoric horse, such as Epihippus and Merychippus, that roamed the North American and Eurasian plains of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. As with many such evolutionary precursors, Eohippus didnt look much like a horse, with its slender, deerlike, 50-pound body and three- and four-toed feet. Also, judging by the shape of its teeth, Eohippus munched on low-lying leaves rather than grass. In the early Eocene epoch, during which Eohippus lived, grasses had yet to spread across the North American plains, which spurred the evolution of grass-eating equids. Facts About Eohippus Eohippus, Greek for dawn horse, pronounced EE-oh-HIP-us; also known (possibly not correctly) as Hyracotherium, Greek for hyrax-like beast, pronounced HIGH-rack-oh-THEE-ree-um Habitat: Woodlands of North America and Western Europe Historical Epoch: Early-Middle Eocene (55 million to 45 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet high and 50 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; four-toed front and three-toed back feet