Hydroelectric in Philippines Essay

It is known to us that energy become more and more important to human beings. People can not live without energy. They use energy everywhere, but pew of them can give a clear definition of it. Because of people’s widely use, the energy on the earth reduces steadily, people are trying o find the energy which can be renewable. Energy is the thing which has the ability to work. It can be stored or be a poverty of an objects motion. It can move from one object to another, and defines the capacity of system to do work. Obviously, renewable energy is the energy which can be used over and over again, from natural sources. There are so many renewable energy people use nowadays. For example, they use solar energy, the wind and the hydro power. From year 1981 to 1991, renewable energy developed very fast, and the following text may concentrate on the hydro power. Hydro power is the energy driven by water turbine, People always use it to produce electricity. The falling water drives the turbines, and the turbines in turns to drive the generators. Then the generators translate the turbines’ mechanical energy into electricity. The hydrologic cycle produces neither atmospheric nor the normal pollution. Hydro power has been used since ancient time, and is can be used for grinding floor and performing other tasks. In 1878, the world’s first hydroelectric station was developed in NORTHUNLAND, and by 20th century, it become the largest part of renewable energy all over the world. Everything has two faces. Though the hydroelectric has a lot of advantages, for its low cost and low pollution, still it has some disadvantages. In some Asian countries, like Philippines and China, people can see the hydroelectric production clearly by year. There are some hydroelectric stations which are typical in these countries. Like the Bela in Philippines and the Three Gorges Dam in China. What’s more, we can also know something about the development of hydroelectric in these countries. The following text will give more details about the hydroelectric production, the hydroelectric stations and the future development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. Body: â…  .Hydropower production by year Since the first Edison hydroelectric power plant begin to use in 1882, September 30th, (industry archive logy review, 1987), hydroelectric become fast developing. During 1981 to 1991, it developed very fast. It can be seen clearly that hydroelectric become more and more important in human’s daily life, and also they can see the trend of development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. In Philippines, people can get the information directly from the line chart that there was a fluctuation in it. It produced about 3.8 billion KWH in 1980, and had a tiny increase reached at 4 billion. Then it fell back to 2 billion KWH in 1983 and raised again. It has risen steadily from year 1983 to year 1986, from 2 billion KWH to 6billion KWH. Things looked the same from then on, but the trend is increasing. By the year 2003, the production of hydroelectric power was more than 10 billion KWH. After that, it remained steadily, by the year 2010, the production of hydroelectric was 9.8 billion KWH. Hydroelectric in Philippines takes 19% of all electricity consumption and the rate constant for decades. (Bronuyn-W, 1998) However, in China, the hydroelectric production grows steadily. It has risen from 80 billion KWH in 1980 to more than 300 billion KWH in 2003. People can predict from the line chart that it will be a more and more part of energy in Chinese electric production. It takes about 49% of all the renewable energy in China. (World Institute, 2010) Hydroelectric is very important, not only in these two countries, but also all over the world. In Democracy Republic of Congo, Paraguay and Brazil, hydroelectric takes 85% of their electric. In the USA, more than 50% of electric comes from it. That means hydroelectric really plays an important role in people’s life. â… ¡.Examples of the hydro electric station For the reason that hydroelectric really take a great part in electric production, there are some hydroelectric plants which are typical in Philippines and China. In Philippines, the AGUS-â… ¡ station may be the earliest one. It located on Lanow del Sur. The operator of it is National Power Corp. It can produce 3*60 MW Francis and still it can be used though it was been built in 1979. The BELEA, which is the biggest one in Philippines is located on Negros Occidental. It has been built in 2008, and can produce 1*39 KW crossflow. The operator of the BELEA is WINROCK international-preview Negrs. In China, the Three Gorges Dam should not be missing. It began to built when in December 1994, and was finish in May 2006. It is expected to produce 18.2 billion pound watts, and it is the biggest hydroelectric station in China. In 2008, October, all the equipment in the Three Gorges Dam were put into use. Evidently, it dose solve the electric-short in eastern China. Another hydroelectric station in China which usually be ignored is call XIN’AN River Station. It was built in 1957 and finished in 1960. It is the first station China designed and built itself. It has been working for more than 50 years and it can produce 1.96 billion KWH per year. â… ¢ .The influence to Environment and People Everything has two sides, no exception for the hydroelectric station. As stated in the previous paragraph, the hydroelectric station has some bad effects. Generally, the disadvantages can be listed as follows. For the reason there are so many hydroelectric station on Changjiang river, there will take it for example. The most direct impact of cascade reservoirs is that continuity of river is break. Though it may make people have more place for cultivation, it may caused some endangered species died out. It will damage the habitat of the fish even the HUCHO BLEEKERI, a kind of rare fish has already died out. The disappearing of the species may affect the structure and balance of entire ecosystem. In some places, to build a reservoir will make the effiency of water utilization, anyway, the flood and low-flow process of ricers is weakered at the same time. Because of that, some species which live based on it may be damaged. The construction of large-soale will produce obvious impact on the habitat since reservoir impoundment. Because of the slow down speed of the rivers in reservoir area, the water receiving sewage ability and self-purification capacity will reduce. Besides, many floodplain is submerged by reservoir, it will cause the problem that may farmland will lose. The hydroelectric station also has the influence to the climate. It will impact on the temperature, the rain fall and so on. Moreover, it may induce geological such as earthquake and landslide. â… £ Future development of hydroelectric Though the hydroelectric stations have some bad effects, anyway people now are trying to develop it. It has several advantages. It has the low power cost. It is known to people that many plants can service for 50 to 100 years. It is much cheaper than fossil fuels. It can also reduce the CO2 emission which makes contribution to alleviate the green house effect. And it is suitable for industrial application and flexiable to use. What is more, it also provide facilities for water sports, and some plants even become tourist attractions themselves. In all, people are coming to realize the importance of hydroelectric. They have begun to try their best to develop it. It can be predicted that the hydroelectric will develop faster and faster, not only in Philippines or China, but also around the world.

LETTER OF APPLICATION Essay

Letter of application A letter of application is one’s first introduction to his/her prospective employer. It is a persuasive message that sells the applicant’s talents to the employer. In that case, it should be similar to that of a sales letter in attracting and impressing the reader and motivating him to take action. Job application letter, usually, has two parts: (i) Cover letter and (ii) Resume. (i) COVER LETTER The cover letter is not just a forwarding letter. The purpose of writing a cover letter is to persuade the employer to read the resume enclosed. It should be tactfully written and carefully organized, so that it gains attention and builds interest and motivates the employer to take action. Format Though there are many formats, full block format with open punctuation marks is the most popularly used forms in today’s business communication. Full block format means, aligning all the parts of the letters in the left margin without indenting. One line space has to be left between the parts. Open punctuation refers to using punctuation marks only in the main body of the letter in order to ensure clear comprehension and omitting punctuation marks like commas and full stops in all other parts (date, address, salutation, subscription, etc.) How to Write an Effective Cover Letter? An effective cover letter must convince the employer that the candidate possesses the requisite skills for the job and ensure him that he is the suitable person for the post. So the cover letter should highlight the most relevant skills/achievements/performance, needed for the job. The cover letter is usually written in three or four small paragraphs with enough white space in between. In the first paragraph, (i) mention the subject and reference. In other words, the name of the post you are applying and the source of information (name of the newspaper and the date) are to be mentioned. In case of some other sources like personal contacts, due acknowledgement has to be made. (ii) Express the reason to apply for the post or your willingness to be considered as a candidate. Some sample openings: 1. Your advertisement for the post of Software Engineer in the June 25, 2008 issue of The Times of India interested me as I am confident that I possess the requisite qualification and skills. I wish to be considered as a candidate for the same. 2. I understand from Mr. Rajgopal, one of your faculty that there is an opening in your esteemed organization for the post of Marketing Executive.. 3. I was very interested to see your advertisement for the post Software Engineer in The Hindu of 29.06.2008. I have been seeking for such an opportunity as this, and I think my background and your requirements may be a good match. I am very much interested in working as a Software Engineer in your esteemed concern. In the second paragraph, (i) highlight your academic and professional skills which are more relevant for the post you are applying now. (ii) Give specific and the most important details of your achievements and inform the employer that your resume is enclosed for the other details of your qualification and experience. Some samples: 1. As my enclosed resume indicates, I have a B.E in Electronics and Communication Engineering. I was a University rank holder and was awarded a merit scholarship by the University. I did my internship at Reliance, Bangalore, during the summer vacation. My project work has helped me acquire a wide variety of skills that would benefit your company. 2. My education includes a B.E .in Electrical Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchi and an MBA from IGNOU, New Delhi. During my undergraduation, I did a summer project in Network Security, at BSNL, Coimbatore. and received a letter of appreciation for my vision and ability to multitask. I wish to begin my career with Polexcel and I believe that my employment with you would be highly beneficial to your company and also add value to my career. In the third paragraph/concluding paragraph, (i) motivate the employer for taking action, i.e., calling for an interview (ii) express your convenience to attend the interview. Some Sample Closings: 1. I look forward to the opportunity of attending an interview when I can provide additional details. 2. I would like to meet you and discuss the employment possibilities at your company. I expect your reply and appreciate your consideration. 3. I shall be pleased to provide any further information you may need and hope I may be given an opportunity of an interview. 4. I wish to begin my career with SR Industries and I believe that my employment with you would be highly beneficial to your company and also add value to my career. 5. I have been looking for an opening like this one, which provides a fast moving, dynamic work environment and accelerated and challenging growth opportunities. (ii) RESUME A resume is a selective record of a candidate’s academic, professional and personal background. It is basically, a professional employment seeking document that presents the summary of an individual’s education, professional training, experience, skills, abilities, achievements and references. The length of the resume should be between 1 and 2 pages long. Format There is no specific format for writing a resume. The resume should have an effective design with a focus on readability and adaptation to the expectations of the prospective employer. Though the parts and the format of a resume differ from person to person and company to company, the standard parts of a resume include the following: 1. heading, 2. position sought, 3. career objective, 4. education, 5. work experience, 6. special skills, 7. achievements, 8. activities, and interests 9. references. Some sample objectives 1. To work as a System Manager in a leading IT company where I will have opportunities to use my knowledge in VB, ASP, NET, XML and SQL server. 2. To be a part of a fast growing multinational company that will enable me to use my analytical, interpersonal and communication skills. 3. Entry level position is design and development of microprocessor circuitry; eventual advancement to positions as Technical Manager or Project Leader. Resume Style There are three acceptable resume styles: Chronological, Functional and Hybrid (a combination of both) Chronological Resume: This is the most commonly used resume style. It focuses on education and experience and the details are arranged in reverse chronological order. Functional Resume: Functional resumes highlight accomplishments and emphasise skills. The requisite skills are demonstrated by means of the experience the candidate possesses. Combination Resume: As the name suggests, it combines the best features of chronological and functional resumes. This style is very rarely used. In short, the style of the resume depends on the nature of the job and the skills and qualification of the candidate. Points to Remember in Writing a Resume Make the design and format readable with main sections noticeable and the individual components distinct, separate and clear. Give well defined headings Leave enough white space between the parts. Align everything to the left Leave at least one inch margin Use standard font, preferably, Ariel or Times New Roman with 10 or 12 font size. Be specific, factual and objective. Edit carefully for grammar, vocabulary and spelling errors. Avoid punctuation as much as possible. Avoid columns, vertical, horizontal lines, or boxes. Avoid decorative designs, and typography Make the resume computer-friendly. Thus the success of employment search largely depends on a candidate’s ability to design an effective cover letter and a persuasive resume. LETTER OF APPLICATION Example: 30.06.2008 M.Harish 25/186, Fourth Avenue Jeeva Nagar Tambaram Chennai – 600 045 The General Manager Human Resources Division Infitech Solutions Chennai – 103 Dear Sir In response to your advertisement in The Times of India of 29.06.2008, I wish to apply for the post of Software Engineer in your reputed concern. My academic record reflects my sincerity and strong determination. I graduated with a B.Tech in Information Technology from Anna University, Coimbatore with distinction in May 2008. I received the Chief Minister Merit Scholarship during 2006-2007 for my academic performance. As a dynamic and extroverted student, I took active interest and participation in many extra curricular and co-curricular activities and won prizes. I have enclosed my resume for the details of my qualification for your perusal. As I have a sound academic background, good oral and written communication skills, proficiency in computers and high degree of commitment, I would be able to contribute to the growth and expansion of your company. I look forward to having the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications for the post of Software Engineer at your firm. Thanking you in anticipation Yours faithfully, Sign. M.HARISH Enc: Resume RESUME M.HARISH Address: 25/186, Fourth Avenue Jeeva Nagar Tambaram Chennai – 600 045 Phone: 044 – 2239 4657 Mobile: 98764 95342 E mail: harish_m@rediffmail.com OBJECTIVE To obtain a challenging position as a Software Engineer in an innovative software company where I will have opportunities to utilize my computer proficiency, communication and interpersonal skills to contribute to the growth of the company and also enhance my career prospects. EDUCATION Anna University, Coimbatore B.Tech. in Information Technology, May, 2008. SH Senior Secondary School, Chennai passed Higher Secondary, April, 2004 SOFTWARE SKILLS Programming Languages: C, C++, JAVA, PERL Technologies: HTML, Java Security, JDBC Operating Systems: Linux, Unix, Windows 95/09/NT, DOS ACHIEVEMENTS Won Chief Minister Merit Scholarship for academic proficiency in III tear Won First prize in Inter – University elocution contest, in 2007. Secured Second position in Debugging’ contest, held at IIT, Chennai. ACTIVITIES Was the Student Secretary for the Society of Information Technologists Had been a member of National Cadet Corps for three years during my school Have participated in many extra – curricular activities and won prizes PERSONAL DETAILS Age & Date of Birth 21 years & 14.08. 1987 Marital Status: Single Languages Known: Tamil, English, Hindi, German Interests: Reading fiction, Web designing and Listening to Carnatic REFERENCES 1. Dr. V.Thanuvalingam Dean (Academic) Anna University Coimbatore 2. Dr.K.Viswanathan Professor& Head Department of Information Technology Anna University Coimbatore Task: Assume that you have completed your degree and draft a letter of application to be sent to your dream company. Prepare your own resume to be enclosed along with the cover letter.

Short Essay on Racism

t ein the film and begins the movies â€Å"depiction of Arab culture with a decidedly racist tone† (Giroux, 104). An Arab merchant sings the lyrics: â€Å"Oh I come from a land/From a faraway place/Where the caravan camels roam. /Where they cut off your ears/If they don’t like your face. /It’s barbaric, but hey, its home† (Giroux, 104). The message that is given right at the beginning of the film is that the Middle East is a desolate wasteland where the justice system runs on a simple limb-removal policy. These words caused an uproar in Arab countries and the lyrics were later changed to: â€Å"Where it’s flat and immense/ And the heat is intense† which replaced the original verse, â€Å"Where they cut of your ear/ If they don’t like your face† (Giroux, 105). Not only were these lyrics violent but they were truly an example of the worst kind of racism. Aladdin depicts the Arabic world and its people as exotic, humorous, and violent. The American cartoon portrays all Arab men as either street thugs,†¦ n the film and begins the movies â€Å"depiction of Arab culture with a decidedly racist tone† (Giroux, 104). An Arab merchant sings the lyrics: â€Å"Oh I come from a land/From a faraway place/Where the caravan camels roam. /Where they cut off your ears/If they don’t like your face. /It’s barbaric, but hey, its home† (Giroux, 104). The message that is given right at the beginning of the film is that the Middle East is a desolat e wasteland where the justice system runs on a simple limb-removal policy. These words caused an uproar in Arab countries and the lyrics were later changed to: â€Å"Where it’s flat and immense/ And the heat is intense† which replaced the original verse, â€Å"Where they cut of your ear/ If they don’t like your face† (Giroux, 105). Not only were these lyrics violent but they were truly an example of the worst kind of racism. Aladdin depicts the Arabic world and its people as exotic, humorous, and violent. The American cartoon portrays all Arab men as either street thugs,†¦

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication Essay - 9

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication - Essay Example In order to add a new chemical to HazCom program chemical inventory, one has to follow a well outlined guideline. Since it is done online, the employer needs to access the website then log in. after entering the name of the new chemical into the site, he should proceed to search for CAD then click on ‘Add chemical’ then generate for it a CAS number if it does not have one already. Thereafter, upload all the information regarding the new chemical’s regulatory information, NFPA ratings and physical properties. Finally, save and submit the details and wait for a review (Aldrich, 2009). HazCom program chemical inventory is stored online because having a computer data base is good. It is efficient and can be easily up dated and retrieved for use. Therefore, all employers who have harzadious chemicals should ensure that their information is captured in the HazCom program chemical inventory. It is recommended for optimal safety of the employees operating

Youth justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime Essay

Youth justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime - Essay Example Youth justice provides justice to juvenile offenders who are legally not old enough or under 18 years of age. The main purpose of Youth justice or juvenile justice is to provide rehabilitation services to the youngsters rather punishing them. The basic aim of providing rehabilitation services to the youngsters is to prohibit them from future crimes and to lower down their criminal activities. Positive assistance is provided them to them by the involvement of their parents, social workers and probation officers in order to bring the positive changes in the behaviors of the young offenders and to prevent them from any other criminal activities in future. Youth justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime: an analysis As discussed earlier, juvenile criminal activities are becoming the matter of growing concern for all the legal bodies around the world. Governments are taking special care and interest to minimize the causes of crime and to inhibit the criminal behavior in the youngsters. Recent riots in England have clearly showed the mental stability and the growing aggressive behavior in the young generation of England. ... ifferent criminologists, criminal activities involve all the public wrong doings committed by the teenagers falling into the age bracket of 12 to 20 years. There are several factors that sociologists believe are responsible for shaping such delinquent behavior in younger generation such as influence of the society, peer pressure and violation of different societal and moral norms. Some children are observed growing with antisocial behavior which may be the root cause of all the criminal activities. It has been observed that juvenile delinquent behavior is most common in age groups of 14 years while it is least in age groups of 17 years (Gilmore, 1990). Factors Contributing in Juvenile Delinquent Behavior: Our society emphasizes on punishing the offender for his crime rather than the cause that made him commit that crime and unless the root cause of the crime is eliminated; this problem will never be solved. Few of the most important factors that contribute in provoking and creating t he criminal mindset are: 1- Economic and Social Factors: Criminal behavior is the outcome of pessimistic consequences of social and economical development. Economic and political instability and weak state institutions are responsible for giving rise to criminal behavior. Among other factors; high unemployment rates and low incomes are also included. Such circumstances may provoke the involvement of young people in criminal activities. 2- Cultural Factors: Criminal behavior may also be the outcome of extraordinary efforts to fit in the society one is living in and to meet that standard one can be willing to go at any limits at that point in time one may fail to distinguish between the right and the wrong. Just to meet the status quo, one may be willing to commit any crime to any limit. It

Wireless Network Security - Cloud Computing Network Personal Statement

Wireless Network Security - Cloud Computing Network - Personal Statement Example This did not auger well with the ethics of data computing, privacy and security. This gave me the reason to think more on wireless network insecurity as well as the probable way to curb the menace. With thirteen years experience in the computing data; this has given the passion to venture into security measures in the field of computing rather than dwelling on my line of specialization-data structure. Much has been done to improve and enhance data network; but there are those who are out to see the failure of the development. These are the individuals out to hack others data sources and cause harm or use it for unintended tasks. Any individual within a geographical network range of an open, unencrypted wireless network can snuffle, record or even capture the data traffic and get illegal right of entry to the internal network wherewithal and the internet. (Lou, et al. n.d) This may result into sending of spam or even doing other illegal actions using the wireless network internet prov ider (IP) address. Attacks by insiders also pose an often neglected threat scenario when devising security mechanisms for emerging wireless technologies. Therefore, this is a venture that requires someone with a greater passion for sanity on Information Technology. All these may be rare for home routers but highly significant concerning to office networks. Since I have involved myself in the contemporary world of information technology and development, my heart feel disoriented whenever I encounter data insecurity trying to paralyze this marvelous work. With the global growth and embracing of Information Technology by many folks, there is tremendous desire to integrate measures to provide intense security to the data store. However, lack of knowledge on security issues by many, means anyone nearby might access and use the connection. Therefore as an expert in computer studies and having first hand concept on the actual problem on the ground, I feel profoundly obligated to extend my knowledge on cloud computing security. This will not only help in fulfilling my passion but also help the world in alleviating the menace of data insecurity. For my Masters studies at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah; I dealt with the topic â€Å"The Effect of Visualizing the Roles of Data Structure (RODS) in Student Learning, in a Data Structure Course.† This expounded more on the structure and utilization of data techniques in analysis. I have also attended various conferences and trainings on IT like â€Å"The international Conference on Nanotechnology: Opportunities and challenges, Electronic Exam system, Advanced E-Learning Certificate Program among others.† I have vast working experience in various field of IT like; Head of production and Update of Educational Materials Unit & Lecturer, Instructor in Contact and Support Unit, Technical Specialist in the Admission Unit, and Programmer as well as Instructor; in the student services unit-all in the King Abdulaziz U niversity, Jeddah. My research experience is also vast on Database-based Workflow Management Systems, Accessing E-mail using Speech Technologies, Microsoft Agent Speech Recognition Engines all of which entail understanding the concept data specialty and security among other researches. The above clearly demonstrate the efforts I have made to equip myself with the necessary knowledge that will enhance research on cloud computing security. My choice of Cloud computing is because it moves databases and application software to the large data centers where

Equal-employment opportunity laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equal-employment opportunity laws - Essay Example Organizations should have a zero tolerance attitude for discrimination and should make sure that employees know about the policy in order to minimize the organization’s liability (Wexler, et al, 2010). Organizations should implement health and safety laws that are defined by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Employers are liable for any workplace injuries or health and safety issues if proper measures are not followed for the protection of employees. In case of any negligence, the organizations become liable and have to face lawsuits along with liability to pay for the damage. In case of any workplace accident or violence, the reputation of the organization also suffers so for minimizing liability, the standards defined by OSHA should be followed (Milam-Perez, 2003). Employees working in a workplace are affected because of nondiscrimination policy and health and safety laws because they are protected because of such policies and laws. When nondiscrimination policy is defined and elaborated by the employers, the employees are well aware of the impact of their attitudes towards other employees. The employers themselves are restricted to exercise any act of discrimination towards the employees. The nondiscrimination policy prohibits the employees to be discriminatory and hence, the workplace environment as a whole is disciplined and friendly for all the employees (Wexler, et al, 2010). Employees are at advantage because of nondiscrimination policy. As far as health and safety laws are concerned, again the employees are at advantage because they can see that they are well protected. As per the health and safety laws, the employees should be provided with personal protection equipment, proper medical facilities and training programs for safety. The e mployees who are aware of the health and safety laws are

Informing of the Recent Development in the Battlefield at Hastings Essay

Informing of the Recent Development in the Battlefield at Hastings - Essay Example In the recruitment field, the soldiers came with horses carrying weapons such as battle-axe, long swords, and a short knife among other weapons. I went for training and started serving as a soldier to the king. The soldiers guarded the royal palace and the king was given the greatest honor in the land. King Edward could spend his time with Harold, his brother in law in the palace discussing matters of the leadership of England. Edward had no children so he had to choose heir of his throne. He chose Harold to take over his throne after his death. Harold could travel with his followers whenever he came to visit the king. Notably, Harold was religious and he could go to the church at Bosham with his men before sailing. Harold’s journey to Normandy hit a snag when he was captured at Ponthieu by count Guy. Guy took Harold to William where they made a vow to work together to oust Duke Conan. Kings had a long sword, which symbolized their leadership. The king sat on a special seat, w hich had decorations that suit the needs of the king. The king had maiden who served royal dishes. Before the death of King Edward, Harold returned to see him. During that meeting, Edward promised Harold his throne. On 5th January 1066, King Edward died in the upper chamber of his palace. His faithful followers and noblemen offered an axe and crown to Harold as a symbol of leadership. The crowning ceremony of Harold took place on 6th January 1066. He sat on his new throne with Archbishop and other dignitaries besides him. Many people were not happy with Harold crowning because he did not belong to the royal family. My life as a soldier changed following the coronation of Harold. When the news spread across England that Harold was the new king of England, rumors about William invasion gripped the palace. We had to prepare our weapons because of the impending invasion.

Critical analysis of activity based costing and traditional costing Assignment

Critical analysis of activity based costing and traditional costing system - Assignment Example In the efforts to implement the Strategic Management Accounting approach in organizations,modern business enterprises find Activity-Based Costing as an improved costing system by which the problem of large number of indirect costs and their allocation problem can be overcome It has been observed that ABC method is the most sought after innovation in the field of management accounting in the last two decades. The method was originated in the Unites States of America during the 1980s as an improved system to enable better cost allocation by means of classification of more costs as direct (Cooper and Kaplan, 1988). The advocates of ABC method argue that the firms would be able to enhance their efficiency and cost control without having affected the customers' value, if ABC is successfully implemented and followed. However, its acceptance rate is still overwhelming across industries and countries despite the strong recommendation by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan, the proponents of the method. The main problem associated with the low implementation rate may be attributed to the difficulties and complexities of the system. This paper discusses and analyses the ABS system as an improved cost control technique. The paper takes comparative and analytical approach; in which comparison is made between ABC and Traditional Costing System (TCS). The paper discusses the various aspects of ABC as a superior technique of cost control by assuming hypothetical examples. Every attempt is made to analyse the important characteristic of ABC with that of TCS in a critical manner. 2. Activity Based Costing- Meaning and Significance ABC as the name signifies is a system of costing based on activities involved in transformation process. ABC is the process of simplifying and clarifying decisions required to be made by the management using activity costs. It analyzes the cost and the benefits of various operational and business activities. According to Computer Aided Manufacturing International (CAM-I), "Activity-based costing is a methodology that measures the cost and performance of activities, resources, and cost objects. Resources are assigned to activities, then activities are assigned to cost objects based on their use. Activity-based costing recognizes the casual relationship of cost drivers to activities" (CAM-I). ABC, which was basically developed as an alternative to traditional costing system enhances the scope of performance management as a measure. This system was propounded by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan as a superior tool to overcome the limitations of TCS. The main inefficiency with TCS is that it fails to accurately measure the actual cost of production and hence decisions are made out of inaccurate data. Therefore, the main logic behind the emergence of ABC system revolves around supplying accurate information regarding the cost of production, cost allocation; which are vital for cost and profit analysis. The main argument in favour of the ABC system is that it is against the traditional system of cost allocation on a percentage basis. ABC system, instead takes into account the cost effect relationship for cost allocation on a subjective basis. Whenever a cost is incurred and identified in relation to an activity, the cost is allocated to the extent the product has used the acti vity. Supports of ABC system strongly believe that supplying accurate information is the most important benefit of this system. In addition, ABC is justified from the benefits such as cost control, cost reduction, more accurate allocation of indirect costs, improved insight into cost causation and identification of activity costs and improvement of operational efficiency (Kaplan and Anderson 2004). It has also been justified for being able to supply accurate cost information which is necessary for fair pricing and thereby adds value to customers.

Geography - British Colonisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Geography - British Colonisation - Essay Example The maritime adventures of the 16th century naval and merchant seamen were responsible for the extension of English economic power throughout the Atlantic to North America and the Caribbean, to promote trade for the home country. â€Å"Obsession with maintaining colonial production led to policies that encouraged the development of labour in the new territories† argues Page (75). Consequently, religious dissidents in England such as the Puritans were subjected to unfavourable treatment which compelled them to flee to the newly discovered land of America by the 15th century. Similarly, indentured labourers were sent away from the British Isles to distant colonies, while slave trade from Africa continued to be carried over several centuries, for subjugation and slavery. The British colonization of India along with trading rivalry from other European powers resulted in their extending their mercantile principles to India by the early 17th century. By the 18th century, British imp erialism spread to Australia as well. In the 19th century, Africa, New Zealand and Canada were brought under British colonization. In the 20th century radical changes took place in the British Empire, besides its separation into dominion and colonial divisions. By the mid-20th century, massive decolonizations led to the achievement of independence by many British colonial areas, although some marginal regions remained in the colonial fold. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate British Colonization across the globe, over several centuries of British Imperialism. Colonization and Expansion of the First British Empire James A. Williamson observes that because there was no scope for ambitious land expansion by the British, colonization had to be undertaken overseas. English sea-power primarily emerged and developed during the Middle Ages, and by the Tudor era (1485-1603) seafaring took lasting hold of the imagination of the people. Thus, British colonization and expansion must take into account the beginnings of sea-power, and its development driven by geographical, political, and economic factors (Williamson 3). The first British empire was established in the Americas between the 16th to 18th centuries by emigrants fleeing from Britain to escape the religious rule and harassment. Thus, by the early 19th century, Britain formed an empire spanning the seas by emigration to the newly discovered land of America which was the homeland of native Indians since ancient times. Gradually, â€Å"multiplication of the colonial stock began to transform British North America from a fringe of maritime possessions into a territorial nation† (Williamson 6). In South Africa, the same process resulted in Cape Colony being taken over as a predominantly naval station on the British route to the East. In Australia, the coasts occupied for a distinctive administrative purpose drew immigrants who spread into the interiors. British expansion into New Zealan d took place against the wishes of the imperial government, states Williamson (6). Thus, the four distinct regions of North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand were taken over by the growing population of British immigrants who overflowed into unoccupied borderlands. Establishment of the Second British Empire Establishment of the Second British Empire included the expansion of British colonial rule in India from

Sports and Energy Drink Market Essay Example for Free

Sports and Energy Drink Market Essay Sports and Energy drink market is amazingly growing hence consumers and businessmen have started showing interests in this market. Energy drink market has increased because people are working almost 24 hours in a day just to make a livelihood, so it’s difficult to work hard without sleep, rest or energy source. This is one of the reason people made energy drinks as part of their life relying on energy from energy drinks, ultimately contributing to rising energy drinks market. Market players are concerned in improving their ingredients and contents for extra stamina to work without experiencing fatigue. Sports and Energy drinks entered the market with Striking names, attractive slogans, and expensive marketing campaigns and currently holding a significant portion of beverage industry. They are available everywhere, offered alongside soft drinks in vending machines, convenience stores, and grocery stores. Sports and Energy drinks are meant to supply mental and physical stimulation for a short period of time. Energy drinks are used by end users for a different of reasons such as to boost energy, reduce thirst, mix cocktails, flavoring smoothies. Energy drinks are located on adjacent shelves in stores to traditional sports drinks like Gatorade and Powerade reinforces such an assumption of optimistic relationship between their uses. Both sports and Energy drinks have managed to maintain their popularity during economic recession, in spite of their high and negative publicity due to caffeine content. Many end users are still prepared to pay the higher price due to their purposeful reimbursements. Sports and Energy drinks are forecasted to continue smash in the soft drink market Sports drinks provide carbohydrates and electrolytes. The carbohydrates supply the muscles with fuel during exercise. The main electrolyte is sodium, which improves the drive to drink and can assist with fluid replacement. Flavored drinks increase palatability and can assist with fluid consumption. The addition of protein may be beneficial to prevent muscle damage and may improve or maintain subsequent performance over consecutive days.

Education Essay Example for Free

Education Essay â€Å"The foundation of every state is the education of its youth†- Unknown Schools have been used as an avenue to encourage social control from many centuries ago whether it was for the betterment of our forefathers or to merely control them. They reinforce and transform young minds with the tools necessary to survive in this changing world and thus, prepare them for global independence. As a result, education has become critical since our system has been built upon the concept of the enlightened citizen, that is, an individual in touch with its cultural heritage who possess a working knowledge of the factors that make up the human ecosystem; an individual who understand the law, rights and responsibilities, possess the attitudes of fair play and co-operation and quality in the character and work of self and others. (Hartoonian, 1985) The instrument in building an enlightened citizen and thus prepare future leaders, is the curriculum. Hence, the curriculum ought to be tailored to produce citizens who recognize themselves as â€Å"Trinbagonians† and not individuals who see themselves as distant citizens of Africa, India or England. In this regard, leaders in politics, classroom, education, as well as businesses, should see themselves as leaders of â€Å"Trinbagonians† and not as â€Å"tribal† representatives. If we encourage constant talks of ethnic imbalance, then we will make race a defining issue of being a â€Å"Trinbagonian† Did our forefathers make race a defining issue when they fought for freedom and liberation from colonialism? Dr. Eric Williams and Dr. Rudranath Capildeo both petitioned for full internal self-government for all the peoples regardless of race, religion and ethnicity. Unfortunately, politicians today are prepared to clearly pass the blame of ethnicity and cultural imbalances from one party to another, rather than come up with solutions on how to deal with the issue at hand. Isn’t it part of their civic duty to govern the country without encouraging citizens to be subjected to any form of discrimination or inequality? Rather than pass the blame, all citizens, including our leaders should work towards obtaining a cohesive society; one which has developed satisfactory ways of coping with ethnic and cultural diversity and other strains in an open and democratic manner. This means taking action to reduce inequalities and restore equity so that these various divisions remain manageable and do not grow so as to threaten the stability of society (The European Committee for Social Cohesion). As a result, schools can foster the development of students’ cultural identity via citizenship education. Citizenship education evolves cohesion richness because the curriculum encourages, listens to and acts on student voice; focuses on authentic issues that are actionable and a curriculum that is learner led; supports the importance of playing an active part in democracy and develops skills of enquiry and communication. Therefore, school activities should encourage multiculturalism rather than ethnocentrism because ethnocentrism is viewed as lacking acceptance of cultural diversity and intolerance for outgroups (Berry Kalin, 1995). By exploring one’s history and sharing cultural traditions, beliefs and values, students can become more tolerant of diversity. As schools provide a safe and positive environment for all students regardless of their diversity, they also promote a sense of cohesiveness in the community. Trinidad and Tobago is referred sometimes as a pluralistic society because of its diversity in cultures, ethnicity and religion. From an early age of globalization, representatives from metropolitan governments, entrepreneurs, farmers, and workers arrived to this land in search of economic benefits for their homelands. As trade became insufficiently profitable, the Africans and East Indians were brought to this land as slaves and indentured labourers, respectively. The fact that these different groups came from different geographical origins and under different circumstances, arose a multitude of social and ethnic differences to which the colonializers used as a game to divide and rule. The majority of our ancestors were African and East Indian descendants and so could have been considered as â€Å"transience† in that they were either forced or tricked into being here. As such, they rallied together to fight for freedom and liberation and thus, out of Independence and Republicism, a nation was born. We acquired our symbols of nationhood and forged towards protecting and promoting our democracy. According to Dr. Eric Williams, democracy means recognition of the rights of others; equality of opportunity for all in education, in the public service, and in private employment; freedom of worship for all and the subordination of right of any race to the overriding right of the human race. Although we were a democratic nation, the effects of colonialism were still clearly pervasive in our government system, our education system and even in our social lifestyles. However, the cultural traits of the Spanish, English and French were incorporated with the African and other immigrants’ cultures to form one distinct culture, creolization; a combination of customs, cuisine, language and traditions that have marked the sociocultural development of this nation but, our leaders once again are to blame for the lack of promoting this cultural identity. According to sociologists, children learn what they live. Through the evolution of technology like better and cheaper communication, faster trade from all over the world and all the other commodities that the internet provides, our children are exposed to new cultures and thus, is being reinforced into the thinking of everything foreign is better. As a result, our Caribbean lifestyles have changed drastically for example, preferences of eating habits, dress, music and other social activities which have led to poor nutrition and communicable diseases; and so too, our cultural identity. Are our children exposed to their culture on a regular basis? Are programmes sharing our national heritage, our local music, our dance and traditions, readily available? How are our young ones going to become aware of their true identity if there are few opportunities for them to experience it? How do we develop and foster our cultural identity? To begin with, most of the inhabitants of Trinidad and Tobago are citizens by birth so, legally, they are Trinbagonians. As children begin to develop a sense of identity as individuals and as members of groups from their earliest interactions with others, one of the most basic types of identity is ethnic identity, which entails an awareness of one’s membership in a social group that has a common culture (Trumbull et al. , 2001). An identity is important for people’s sense of self and how they relate to others. For our citizens to feel a sense of commitment to the land they were born and thus promote a cohesive society, citizenship education can be an effective tool because it improves students’ attitude and loyalty towards their country as well as critical thinking skills which are crucial for social and economic transformation (Howe, G. D. Marshall, D. D. , UNESCO 1999). It helps them become informed, thoughtful and responsible citizens who are aware of their rights and responsibilities (UNESCO, 2003). Schools are seen as the best avenue to foster the development of one’s identity. They are a primary agent of socialization. It is here children develop trust, independence, the tendency to take initiative, the sense of competence and ambition, decisions about who one is, build relationships with others, make decisions about future generations and reflections on one’s life; in keeping with Erikson’s stages of development. The Ministry of Education of Trinidad and Tobago has adopted a philosophy based on the beliefs that every child has an inherent right to an education regardless their cultural background and that every child has the ability to learn and should be provided for his/her holistic development. Secondly, that the ethical and moral concerns are central to human development and survival and thirdly, fundamental constructs such as â€Å"decency,† â€Å"justice,† â€Å"respect,† â€Å"kindness,† â€Å"equality, â€Å"love,† â€Å"honesty,† and â€Å"sensitivity,† are major determinants of the survival of our multicultural society (Ministry Of Education Policy Paper, 1993 2003) thus, reinforcing citizenship and multiculturalism. Therefore, school activities should encourage multiculturalism rather than ethnocentrism because ethnocentrism is viewed as lacking acceptance of cultural diversity and intolerance for outgroups (Berry Kalin, 1995). Multicultural education was developed to promote structural equity and cultural pluralism. It is an opportunity because a society that learns to live with diversity is likely to achieve faster rates of economic growth and social development- if only by avoiding ethnic conflict (Smith, A. ). Educators must understand how factors of diversity can assist in enhancing learning and development of the children in their classroom because all schools have classrooms that comprises of students from multicultural backgrounds. According to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, the development of a child is influenced by his interrelations with the multiple environmental contexts in which he lives and grows. This can play a part in shaping their cultural background as well as affect their behaviour and academic performance. As a result, educators’ behavioural instructions and differentiated techniques, appropriate teaching materials and adequate support and partnership among the school’s community should be effectively organized to meet the learning needs and abilities of very student and thus make their educational experiences the best possible. Schools can implement citizenship education in their curriculum and provide real life experiences to teach students how to exercise their rights and responsibilities. Provide programmes that seek to develop good character through honesty, integrity, self-discipline and hard work. Allow them to participate in activities that will allow the m to resolve conflicts nonviolently, use their talents wisely, participate in community-building activities, and build respect for themselves and others. Students can also participate in programmes that focus on how government and other institutions work and the importance of planning. They are encouraged to critically analyze and understand the interplay of social, economic and political forces in order to improve society. Identify and discuss citizens who have significantly contributed to their society and also encourage students to participate in activities to represent their school. A teacher’s job is to provide an effective learning environment for their students. As such, creating an environment by promoting diversity through the decoration in the classroom can create a sense of belonging and prevent discrimination. Posters used should offer different cultural perspectives and include people of different ages and races. Literature and other resources should carefully be selected so as to foster diversity and be relevant to students’ needs. Teachers should also set an example by making positive remarks, respect all students’ feelings and encourage students to be respectful to one another. In addition, using differentiated instructions to cater to the needs of all learners can promote inclusion. Planning teaching/learning instructions to be more constructive so as to engage students in active learning experiences and make learning meaningful and enjoyable can also promote multiculturalism in the classroom. One way is through the use of technology because in my class, students eagerly engage in learning when ICT is used. Another is the use of personnel (student/parents) to share cultural experiences, for example, the Hindus can share their experiences in celebrating Divali with the class for example, I teacher at a Roman Catholic school and there was a time when the Hindu parents organized a programme for the school to sanitize them on the festival. Students and teachers were invited to wear East Indian gabs and tudents were taught the names of familiar things in Hindi. It was an enjoyable experience for most of us. By encouraging other students to share their cultural beliefs and practices, students become aware of their differences as well as similarities and thus become more appreciative and tolerant. From a Vygotskian perspective†¦a major role of schooling is to create social contexts for the mastery of and conscious awareness in the use of†¦cultural tools (Trumbull et al. 2001). Celebrating students’ achievements can motivate and foster their self-esteem. As such, schools should promote achievement day and open-day so parents can see their children work and progress made in school. This also deepens the relationship between the school and parents because in educating a child, it takes cooperation and involvement from educators, parents, families, and the community. As research has shown, the greater the family and community involvement in schools, the greater the students’ achievement (Niemiec, R. Sikorski, M. , Walberg, 1999) will be. Educators must also ensure that the measures used to assess students’ performance and progress is fair and just and caters for every learner’s ability. Through the use of performance assessments and continuous assessments like projects and journals, students are able to reflect on their work and make improvements and thus, take charge of their learning. Leaders must be able to represent the needs o f all whenever they hold any position of authority. The proper management of activities in a school is the responsibility of individual principals as curriculum leaders in their school. Therefore, he/she must manage their school in a fair and democratic manner so as to ensure social justice and equity and make students, teachers and parents comfortable and safe. When citizens understand their democratic rights, they will be able to act in government fairly and responsibly. They will demonstrate true patriotism and loyalty as they show belief in the people that they serve. As our country continues to exhibit great diversity, the need for understanding and accepting the differences among all people has never been more important (Gomez, Rey A. , 1991). Through education, children can learn to accept others, become accustomed to the idea that there are many lifestyles, languages, cultures, and points of view and develop a sense of being citizens of a nation. Additionally, education for social cohesion is possible once it is practiced in schools; both in the classrooms and at the managerial and organizational level, and projected on the surrounding communities. Teachers must consider childrens cultural identities and be aware of their own biases. It is tempting to deny our prejudices and claim that we find all children equally appealing. Teachers and parents need to acknowledge the fact that we, like our children, are inevitably influenced by the stereotypes and one-sided view of society that exists in our schools and the media. Not only must we recognize those biases, but we must change the attitude they represent by accepting all children as we receive them (Gomez, Rey A. 1991). Thus, when our children grow up and hold any position of authority, they will act in a more responsible manner and promote democracy. It was through the exposure of all the cultures from our forefathers, whether they were imposed on them or freely practiced, a unique culture was formed. â€Å"We have learnt to live together rather than merely side- by- side. † (Laughlin, N. ) For that reason, we should work more on appreciating this culture and assisting ou r fellow Caribbean brothers and sisters in building one region.

Olive Oil: History and Benefits

Olive Oil: History and Benefits The olive tree is considered as an important part of the human life and a crucial one in the Mediterranean civilization in particular, from the first existence of humanity. For centuries, this tree has satisfied the many basics needs of the mans daily life as well as its spiritual ones. It has left important impacts in the basic aspects of civilization such as history, mythology, ecology, philosophy, archeology, medicine and agriculture. The inhabitants of the Mediterranean shores have successively included the olive oil in their society. As an inhabitant of the Mediterranean basin I do consider olive oil as an essential ingredient of my daily life. Every morning I add this golden substance to my cheese accompanied by a cup of tea, at lunch to my boiled vegetables and at dinner to my pasta. When I have the flu or stomach aches , my mother gives me a spoon of olive oil or put some of it on my chest. In other words I grew up and olive oil is always present in my daily life and unconsci ously its existence became crucial. For this reason I decided to write a paper about the history and the benefits of olive oil and its impact on both society and the human body. To introduce to olive oil to the new generation which its individuals, unfortunately, ignore the benefits of its components on their health and also to try make a change in the unhealthy eating habits that the whole people are suffering from it this century. In the first part of my paper I am going to talk about the history of olive oil: where , by who and when it was discovered? What is its impacts on the society? And what is its symbol in the different religions and mythologies? In the second part I am going to talk about the health benefits of olive oil: how olive oil fights cancer? How it prevents from cardiovascular diseases and reinforces body? The olive tree has ancient roots, it has existed on earth since prehistory but its origin stays until now a mystery. Olive tree is considered as the oldest and the first plant cultivated by man and it has been consumed and used before the written language was invented. Some historians claim that he Persians were the first ones who found the appropriate method and tools to cultivate it 12000 years ago BC while the Egyptians 6000 years ago BC, exploited its benefits in the body care, the funeral rituals and the mummification of their pharaohs. This blessed tree was mentioned in the inscription of tablets dating from the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, an ancient leader of the Chaldean dynasty, found in a palace of Babylon (magelon). Others confirm that this golden tree was discovered in Asia Minor 5000 BC by the Phoenicians and spread from Iran and Palestine to the rest of the Mediterranean basin. In Greece mythology olive tree was said to have been created by Athena, goddess of wisdom, as a gift to the Greeks while facing Poseidon, god of oceans, for the possession of Attica (Athena nowadays).It considered in the Greeks culture as the symbol of dignity, peace and victory and its branches and jars of its oil were offered as a reward to the Olympics games winners. In several religions the olive tree is considered as a sacred plant. In the Judaism it is the symbol of the union between god and men and a means of purification and protection. In Islam, the olive tree was mentioned in the Quran as blessed tree since it is a guide of men on earth and the prophet Muhammed advised his followers to put olive oil to their bodies when they are sick and to repeat some several verses of the holy Quran. In Christianity it is used in the consecration of kings, priests and prophets and also in the baptism as tool of bless, protection from evil and an indication of the love of god. Further more olive oil was also used for light, food, heating and medicine since the ancient world. It belo nged since centuries to the Mediterranean cookery and medicine ( Toussaint samat 127) and was considered as an essential component of the Mediterranean culture. Key element of the Mediterranean diet and thanks to its balanced components it has a beneficial effects in preventing some diseases. Several studies have reveled that the death rates caused by the cardiovascular diseases were lower in the countries of the Mediterranean basin. This is basically due to the typical diet of the Mediterranean inhabitants which is composed of fruits, vegetables, cereals and fish. All these healthy ingredients are prepared and consumed everyday with olive oil. Various medicinal benefits were attributed to the olive oil. Indeed this category of people has more long life expectancy than the others thanks to the olive oil that consume regularly which contains vitamins A,B,E and K and many minerals, vegetable protein and monounsaturated fatty acids mainly oleic acids that cuts the risk of having cardio vascular diseases. Others components of olive oil have a beneficial impact too: The tocopherols (vitamin E for example) are anti-toxins that have a crucial rule in the protection of the heart. The phenols, vitamins present in olive oil, has an inhibitory effect on the enzyme involved in the cancer development and are also anti-inflammatory ( Carralafuente). The aromatics have antibacterial and antimicrobial effects while the carbohydrates have a protective role against the tumors developments. Furthermore, leaves of the olive tree helps to fight many disorders of fever, head aches ,the effects of pollution on the human body, Ulcers and even cholera Olive oil also stimulates sexual abilities, protect from the blood clots and reinforce the glandular function. This miraculous substance prevents from breast cancer and colon cancer .It decreases blood pressures and helps digestion. It also fights obesity and maintains the hair and moisturizes the skin. High content of antioxidant vitamin E olive oil prevents also from the atherosclerotic plaques. By lowering platelet aggregation, the oleic acid of olive oil also contributes to prevent and reduce atherosclerosis which a lot of people suffer from. .

Hicks Influence Tactics :: Essays Papers

Hick's Influence Tactics Mr. Hick has attempted in this article â€Å"Influence Tactics† to group the various methods people use in influencing others into eight basic clusters. These clusters are 1) reason, 2) coalition, 3) friendliness, 4) bargaining, 5) assertiveness, 6) higher authority, 7) sanctions and 8) symbol management. Although there are hundreds of â€Å"methods† people use to get their way, most can fall under the heading of one of these clusters. Reason is considered one of the most popular means of influencing others. It is often used in tandem with other methods. With reason, we appeal to someone else using logic, data or information to support our actions. It should be made clear to the other person that this is in fact what we are doing. If we try to reason using a secret agenda it can lead to distrust. I have tried when directing shows to reason with people fairly. When I take the time to make my motivations clear and â€Å"convince† others to see my side I am, more times than not, happy with the results. People in theatre are often a bit more temperamental than your average person. I have found it effective to â€Å"massage† them toward my ideas. I would link Coalition and Higher Authority together. The former is enlisting the aid of your allies and supporters to further your requests, while the later uses higher-level authorities to back you in influencing others. Both can work but I feel coalition is more effective. It provides the additional benefit of influencing others who are not under your authority. I have used this tactic. People are often better convinced by an ally or by the power of a group. It removes the whole stubborn routine of fighting against something because â€Å"so and so wants you to.† Another tactic which works well, at least when working with subordinates, is Bargaining. As long as both sides feel they’ve been treated fairly, it usually produces excellent results. We, as humans, want to feel like we have a say in the matter. If we enter a bargain, we feel obligated to produce. Along with this comes Friendliness. It too can be of great use in getting what you want from others. The most important thing is to be sincere.

History :: essays research papers

We have been taught that it is important to know history so that we can understand and learn from past mistakes to avoid repeating them in the future. Therefore, attending the Holocaust Museum should be mandatory because the museums unique interactive exhibits allows people to relive the inhumanity of the Holocaust and to have a hands on experience with the events leading to and ending World War II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Holocaust Museum did a remarkable job of involving the visitors during the tour. It was as if we turned back time and actually relived the whole ordeal as first hand witnesses. Throughout the tour there were many exhibits recreating the crucial events leading to the Holocaust, and reenactments of meetings leading to the final decision to begin the execution of the Jews. The museum exhibits clearly gave everyone a better understanding and feeling of the struggles that the Jews went through during the war. Through old documents and pictures displayed on exhibits throughout the tour, the visitors were showered with horrific and heroic information that you simply don’t get from textbooks or films.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hall of Testimony was an emotional exhibit where visitors watched films and listened to experiences of Jewish people who were involved in the concentration camps. The Hall of Testimony was a dark and gloomy room ironically representing a gas chamber. It gave people a sense of deeper understandment and fear of what was actually going on. It felt as if you were actually in a gas chamber waiting for your final hours of life. Watching dramatic videos of the Jewish people being stripped of their clothing and separated from their loved ones to enter the gas chambers became very emotional and hard to watch. It made everyone in the room both psychologically and physically aware of the actual sufferings that occurred during the Holocaust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I don’t believe that I have ever been fully aware of the tragedies and sorrows that occurred during the Holocaust. Throughout many years of learning about the Holocaust in junior high, high school, and college, I still felt a sense of emptiness about the whole ordeal as I walked into the Museum of Tolerance. However, when I walked out of the museum I felt as if I was a new man. I began realizing how cruel the world can be and how much the people living in this world today can improve it by showing equality towards one another.

Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) :: Business and Management Studies

Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc) Tesco is a public limited company (plc). A lot of big companies go public. This is because unlike a private limited, a plc is able to advertise the sale of shares and sell them to members of the general public though the stock exchange. Advantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc)  · Shares can be advertised  · Shares can be sold through the stock exchange  · Large plc’s may find it easier to borrow from banks  · Shareholders have limited liability  · Cheaper borrowing and bulk purchasing Disadvantages of a Public Limited Company (Plc)  · Going public can be expensive  · Some plc’s can grow so large that they may become difficult to manage effectively  · Risk of takeover by rival companies who have bought shares in the company A lot of companies go public. This is because of all the advantages on top. The shares can be advertised so that means more people will see it and might invest in it. The shares can be sold through the stock exchange. This means it is open to the public and it’s not only the people who get invited can by its share. Tesco can find it easier to borrow from banks because the banks know that they will get their money back with there interest. There are several different types of owner ship. They are: * Sole traders * Parternership * Private limited companies * Public limited companies (Tesco’s) * Co-operative * Not for profit or a charity * Franchise Sole trader A Sole Trader is a business that is owned by only 1 person. They are responsible for everything that goes on in the business. An example of a sole trader is usually an off licence, taxi driver, sweet shop etc. Advantages of a Sole Trader ---------------------------  · Easy to set up – no legal formalities of fees  · Own boss and can make all the decisions  · Keep all profits  · Can be set up with relatively little capital  · Personal contact with customers can encourage consumer loyalty Disadvantages of a Sole Trader ------------------------------  · Owner have limited funds and may find it difficult to borrow money from banks  · Owner have to work long hours and cannot afford to be sick  · The owner have unlimited liability  · The owner must be a ‘jack of all trades’  · Small businesses are often unable to benefit from bulk purchase discounts. Partnership ----------- A partnership is a business owned by two or more people. There can be a maximum of 19 people in a partnership. Forming a partnership is one solution to overcoming certain disadvantages associated with running a

Queen vs. Dudley and Stephens; opening statement

Before I begin, I want to remind you that this is the court of law. In this country, the law states that any person who deliberately takes the life of another is guilty of murder. There is no question as to who took the life of Brooks, a man with families and loved ones waiting for him to return from sea. The murderers sit in the seats of the defendants today. Thomas Dudley and Edward Stephens had deliberately took the life of Mr.. Brooks in his most defenseless state, therefore breaking the law and deserve their rightful punishment.Here they are today, trying to excuse themselves from this devilish act. On July 5th, 1 884, a day no different others, Brooks, Dudley and Stephens was caught in a storm on the high seas 1600 miles from land. This bought them onto an isolated island with only two tins of turnip and no tools. They were trapped on the island for a total of thirty days. In the first 12 days, the turnips was consumed, along with a turtle they caught. For the next eight days, they had no nourishment except for rain water and urine. By the 25th day, everyone was starving and weak.It was agreed upon that they will draw straws and the loser will be eaten. At this point, is crucial to remember that this contract does not work in court for several reasons. One of which is that a oral contract cannot be used as evidence in court because it is not concrete evidence. Another reason is that any contract, oral or written, based on an illegal purpose, in this case, homicide, does not and will not work In court. The next day, Brooks lost the drawing, but refuses to be eaten, Like any other normal human beings would.Hearing this, Dudley and Stephens agreed to kill and eat Brooks because â€Å"he would die anyways†. Using this obscene reason, they murdered him and fed on him. Five days later, they were rescued. And here they sit before us today, pleading to be excused. Their defense attorney will tell you a story coated with loaded what-ifs. â€Å"What if you were Dudley and Stephens? â€Å", â€Å"what if you were as hungry as they were? â€Å", â€Å"what if eating Brooks was your only choice? â€Å". I have a what-elf of my own, too. What If you were Brooks?Would you agree to the awful fate of Ewing killed and eaten? The biggest fear In human Is death, no one In their right minds would want to die, especially in a way as gruesome as this. Let us stop and think about the question â€Å"what if eating Brooks was your only choicer. In the English Law, the defense of necessity only applies when the harm the defendant sought to avoid outweighs the danger of the prohibited conduct he is charged with or if there Is no reasonable alternative. Let's re-examine the story. Dudley and Stephens killed Brooks to save themselves.One way to look at this Is that two lives are saved for the sacrifice of one, but there was no way to be sure that they'd still starve after eating Brooks. So the starvation they are trying to avoid by killing Brooks w ould only satisfy for the time being. In other words, the harm they are trying to avoid does not out-weight the crime of murder because murdering Brooks does not ensure that they will not face the threat of starvation again. Next, there was Cannibalism is frowned upon but it is not illegal like homicide.Also, while there was mom degree of necessity arising from the threat of starvation, a ship could have sailed over the horizon to save them any moment. As, indeed, the two were rescued. Since they could never be sure that the killing was actually necessary from one minute to the next, this defense does not work. Finally, there's the question of insanity. To be insane is to something without the knowledge of right and wrong and not being in control of one's body and mind. Wrong in this case stands for legally wrong, and not morally wrong.They obviously new what they did was wrong or they wouldn't have felt guilty enough to admit to it. They knew they would starve to death if they didn 't eat Brooks, which is a sign of thinking and reasoning; and according to their statements, they made an agreement to kill Brooks and eat him, which meant they were in total control of their body and mind prior to and during murdering Brooks. Their actions were morally and lawfully wrong. I am here today to request that they be hanged for their actions in the name of Justice. Thank you.

Journal Analysis: Industrial Materials and Process

Increasing concern with fuel consumption leads to widespread interest in lightweight structures for transportation vehicles. Several competing technologies are available for the structural connections of these structures, namely welding, mechanical fastening/riveting, and adhesive technologies. Great interest is dedicated to welding of lightweight structures, particularly because of economic reasons derived of part count reduction, faster and cheaper fabrication, and possible weight gains.However, drawbacks of welding include variation of properties in the welcomed area, intrinsic metallurgical difficulties sibyl leading to unacceptable defects, as well as, from a mechanical design point of view, possibly detrimental fatigue behavior features associated with the continuous path of crack propagation. Crucial factors for the application of new technologies are the cost. Especially for the substitution of metals by light weight alloys beneath all technological properties of the economic aspects have to be considered.Currently the technological processes receiving more widespread interest in metallic lightweight structures are laser beam welding (LB) and friction stir welding (FSP). According to E. Schubert, M. Classes ET. AL Light weight components are of crucial interest for all branches that produce moving masses. The aim to reduce weight has to be accompanied by high production efficiency and component performance. Laser beam Joining offers the possibility to manufacture Joints of all light metals and their combination. Laser welding is a high energy beam process and in this regard is similar to electron beam.With that exception they are unlike one another. The energy density of the laser is achieved by the concentration of light waves not electrons. The laser output is not electrical, does not require electrical continuity, is not influenced by magnetism, is not limited to electrically conductive materials and in fact can interact with any material whether it be metal, plastic, wood, ceramic, etc. Finally its function does not require a vacuum nor are x-rays produced. Friction-stir welding (FSP) is a solid-state Joining process (the metal is not melted) that uses a third body tool to Join two facing surfaces.Heat is generated between the tool and material which leads to a very soft region near the FSP tool. It then eugenically intermixes the two pieces of metal at the place of the Joint, then the softened metal (due to the elevated temperature) can be Joined using mechanical pressure (which is applied by the tool), much like Joining clay, or dough. It is primarily used on aluminum, and most often on extruded aluminum (non-heat treatable alloys), and on structures which need superior weld strength without a post weld heat treatment.Methodology of the Researches According to the Journal of R. Brushstrokes et al. Joining technology of lightweight dissimilar metals between magnesium and aluminum alloys are essential for legalizing hybrid str ucture cars and other engineering application. In the present study, the normal center line welding of lap Joint was carried out by laser welding. It was found that the intervocalic layer formed near interface between two metals significantly degraded the Joining metal, which contributes to control thickness of intervocalic compound layer.Based on the result of FEM. analysis, the edge line welding of lap Joint was carried out, which could easily control the thickness of intervocalic layer and successfully obtained high Joining strength. In comparison with the Journal of R. Brushstrokes et al. According to T. Mortising et al. Macrostructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar welding Joint between AY alloy and MGM alloy by laser welding was very brittle because of building up MGM AAA intervocalic compounds in fusion zone.On the other hand, FSP is anticipated to welding dissimilar alloys AY alloys and GAZA magnesium alloy with various tool rotational speed and welding speed. These joints showed higher hardness in their stir zones than that of parent GAZA alloy because of MGM-AY inter metallic compound formation. Over, the harness of stir zone was lower than that of fusion zone of laser welding, and was changed with the welding parameter of tool rotational speed and welding speed. In accordance with R. Brushstrokes et al. O the problem of intervocalic compound, another approach to control intervocalic compound formation has to be developed for Joining magnesium and aluminum alloys. The controlling penetration depth of molten in lap Joint configuration might be a possible approach for reducing intervocalic compound formation, in the present study laser welding between agencies alloy GAZA B and aluminum AY-O was carried out. Since the penetration depth of molten metal in lap Joint will be one of important factor for controlling the thickness of intervocalic compound layer.Results and Findings of the Researches In accordance with R. Brushstrokes et al. After ten sile-shear tests, it was found that failure occurred inside intervocalic compound layer, which degraded strength of the Joint. The maximum failure load and strength obtained for the welding lap Joint were NON and 20 Amp. This failure load is about 37% of yield load of AY-O alloy. Results of the tensile test of T. Mortising et al. The tensile strength of base was 244 Amp in aluminum alloy and 241 Amp in magnesium alloy. The Joint efficiency was achieved 61% of the strength of the base material. FSP has several disadvantages.As it is a solid state process, a great amount of tool wear takes place during the plunging stage as the work piece material is cold at this time. Weld speeds in FSP are slower which can lead to time-consuming Joining process. As higher weld forces are required during this process, equipment used for FSP is massive and expensive. Moreover friction stir welding of high melting temperature materials, such as steel and stainless steel are known to have welding tool l imitations. Therefore, the use of standard FSP machines runs into high capital cost requirements and relatively poor productivity.LB has advantages precise working with exact placing of the energy spot, welding of complicated Joint geometry, low heat application, therefore minor changes in macrostructure, low thermal distortion, cavity-free welds, low post weld operation times, large working distance is possible ( welding up to 500 mm distance and also to inaccessible parts). And it's disadvantages are The welding plants are expensive, depending upon the equipment, If filler material is necessary they are, because of the limited amount produced, relatively expensive.Analysis and Recommendation of the Researches: It was difficult to obtain enough quality welding strength in welding lap Joint between magnesium and aluminum alloy plates due to intervocalic compound layer formation it was found that the edge-line welding lap Joint could realize the shallow penetration depth of molten me tal into lower plate, which would be effective for educing the reaction between two metal and then the formation of intervocalic compound.

Job Characteristic Model Technical Coordinator Apple’s Research and Development Essay

Job Characteristic Model: Technical Coordinator Apple’s Research and Development Introduction Skill Variety                   The position of a technical coordinator at the Apple’s Research and development is increasingly demanding. As a requirement, my stay entails me to develop skills and talents, which responds to a high coordination strategy that responds to the elementary needs and routine. As a result, my skills variety impacted on the on the activities of establishing, guiding, encouraging, engaging and tackling critical research and administrative responsibilities. Task Identity                   Significantly, my roles influence other workers positively, in that my intervention encourages workers to be involved rapidly in the project rather than concentrate on an individual unit. For that reason, it is possible to complete the whole piece of work from the beginning to the end. It is possible to respond to these requirements since the team examines needs of the customer before commencing on a given activity. Task Significance:                   Given the operative nature of the job, it is possible to respond to requirements of the department since the team is involved psychologically at the process. Mentally, the team is made to understand the significance of each stage of the activity. To achieve that, the overall mission of the organization is broken down to ensure that the team gets first-hand needs of the organization, before commencing on the job. Autonomy:                   The characteristic enables employees to pursue milestone in a free but objected zone. Programmers, designers, researchers, and marketers are empowered by autonomous decision to independently choose what is to be performed. Hence, my role is to steer independent operation. I am, therefore, obliged to decide on how to time the performance. Feedback   Ã‚                  The characteristic enables me to determine the feedback mechanism that allows my team to have more information about the effectiveness of their performance. My role is to engage units in communication, using the organization ERP system.                   To enhance my motivation potential, I will be required to communicate with different team players on the way forward when it comes to making critical decisions. I will motivate and influence team players by requesting job progress daily. This way, I will show them I am part of the team References Juricek, J. (2014). Agile Project Management Principles. Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 172-175. Source document

The Grinch Who Stole Christmas

The Grinch who stole Christmas can be explained using that Archetypal form of criticism. Archetypal criticism focuses on the use of mythology and takes on a very creative aspect to literature. In the Grinch who stole Christmas, the Grinch is the antagonist who possesses an active hatred towards Christmas and the citizens of Who-ville.There are many questionable sections in the poem that distinguish it as a myth rather than reality. To begin with, Santa Clause and the Grinch are characters of the imagination, used in a mythical sense and never brought to reality. Secondly, the author says â€Å"THENHe loaded some bags And some old empty sacks On a ramshakle sleigh And he hitched up old Max.†This means that the Grinch was intending to use his dog, max, as a reindeer. It would be physically impossible for a dog that small to hull around a sled filled with Christmas items for hours. Max was also expected to convoy the sleigh and heavy Christmas items â€Å"Three thousand feet up! Up the side of Mount Crumpit†, which is a physically impossible task for a dog. Thereafter, the Grinch was expected to climb in and out of chimneys all night, stealing Christmas presents as well as trees. This task is impossible, only one that a fictional character would be able to accomplish. Finally, the author says â€Å"That the Grinch's small heart Grew three sizes that day!† It would be impossible for a heart to grow and shrink based on the amount of love and care that is shown. As you can see, the Grinch was meant to be portrayed in a mythical sense. There are many flaws that do not occur with in reality. This poem is meant to be a myth to teach children not to be like the Grinch, and to love and accept everything.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY AND PRACTICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY AND PRACTICE - Essay Example The economic sector is keen on financial institutions and government; accounting is seen as an economic asset. Theoretically speaking, financial accounting and reporting is objective, neutral and political through the standard setting process is influenced by external factors with different interests. The activities in the economic sector affect directly the accounting practice of corporations. The standard setter regulator in accounting is either a government-controlled institutions or independent agencies. These two bring up the regulated and non-regulated theories (Marchetti, 2012). The unregulated approach states that the market and its mechanism determine the production and regulation according to its needs. The Agency Theory is introduced here, which is the relationship between principals and agents and helps with resolving problems that exist in the agency, these problems arise from inefficiencies and incomplete information. The unregulated approach, also known as free market approach contributes to positive accounting as it requires lower or higher standards to recognize losses or ga ins in contract markets. A regulated market, also known as the controlled market, is where the government controls the forces of supply and demand, which includes who is allowed to enter the market and what prices are charged (Mclaney, 2009 p. 56). According to Mclaney, E. (2009), free market economies have a freedom to innovate which allows the business owners to bring new ideas, new products, and new services. In the unregulated market, the customers make decisions on which products succeed or fail because they decide on which product to use and on what. The primary objective of a free market economy is to make a profit. The companies sacrifice worker safety, when a free market economy gets out of control, the consequences can be damaging. This includes; lost income, unemployment, and homelessness. Many of these failures come from those with short-term

Role of The Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Role of The Nurse - Essay Example According to the study a nineteen year old was presented in a dazed and confused state to the emergency ward, as a result of an automobile accident. Physical and radiological examination suggested that there was internal abdominal haemorrhage that would require immediate surgical intervention. The teenager refused treatment and wanted to go home. The emergency physician instructed the emergency nurse to get the boy readied for surgery and the formality of the consent form could be dealt with later.. The emergency nurse refused saying that there were legal and ethical issues involved. The consent form was not a formality, but reflected the dignity of the patient.From this paper it is clear that  the emergency nurse did act as an advocate for the young boy. Patient advocacy by nursing professionals has the tendency to enhance inter-professional conflicts in healthcare and yet, as advocacy is an integral part of nursing, the nursing professional has to stand up for these rights of the patient and expect support from the healthcare system.  From an administrative and legal perspective beneficence is subject to autonomy in other words the patient needs to be convinced that the treatment procedures are in the individuals best interests and be a part of the decision making process and hence the need for informed consent. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code is evolving, with the NMC code 2006 expected in 2008. Till then the NMC code of 2004 continues to be effective.  

How economic factors affect international businessConsidering this Essay

How economic factors affect international businessConsidering this make evaluation of the possible investment opportunities a - Essay Example For this paper, the economic elements to be discussed are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), Human Development Index (HDI), Inflation, Deflation, Unemployment levels and Privatisation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Evaluating the GDP of a country is arguably the best way to understand the dynamics of a country’s economy. The GDP as an economic indicator measures the total output of country. It is inclusive of everything produced by the people and all the industries in the country. The GDP of a country has an effect on global firms in that, a multinational company wishing to make new investments or analyse the performance of the foreign subsidiaries would use the GDP per capita to make comparison of the GDP of different countries. A country’s GDP gives a clear reflection of what the country’s output is and the GDP growth rate tells you exactly how fast a country’s economy is growing (Hamilton & Webster, 2012, p.79). A global firm wou ld thus make informed decisions based on the GDP. Although the GDP is a good indicator of economic performance, it has its fatal flaws. For instance, the output generated in a country from the underground economy is not accounted for in calculations. The GDP also ignores the productive non-market activities of a country. In addition, certain â€Å"economically bad† activities can increase the value of the GDP whilst at the same time reducing social welfare. This makes it an inappropriate measure of social welfare. Gross National Product (GNP) The GNP is also a measure of the country’s economic performance. It measures the total market value of the goods and services produced by within a country’s borders within a given time period (usually one year). Unlike the GDP measure, the GNP measures only the income supplied to the economy by the residents, whether at home or abroad. GNP can be a good measure for use by international businesses to measure economic growth but it can be misleading due to its shortcomings. Since GNP is a viable option for measuring overall demand, the GNP of a country can affect the levels of demand in a country and hence affect the performance of the global firms. Despite being an important tool in evaluating economic investment viability for global firms, the GNP statistic has its shortcomings. In measuring economic development, the GNP statistic may pose problems in that the exchange rates vary on a daily basis hence the real value of goods is difficult to estimate. The GNP also hides the wealth distribution in a country and reveals minimal information about the quality of life and social welfare in a country which are key aspects of the economy when considering a country as being conducive to conduct business. Human Development Index (HDI) The human development index is a statistical measure of the social and economic dimensions of a country. It is a composite measure of the economic and social welfare which incorp orates the indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment and income. This three main components of HDI are useful for global businesses seeking to invest in foreign countries. A good measure of HDI is a sign of good education and a healthy population with good standards of living. This in turn serves as a good market with potentially high demand to global businesses seeking to expand into such a country. The reverse being true. The HDI, therefore, can have a positive or negative effect on a business

The Foundation of Management Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Foundation of Management Theory - Essay Example The leading consumer good company, Procter and Gamble (P&G), has recently planned to take a few more weeks to pay back its suppliers. The amount is $ 2 billion and thus, the company has planned to arrange the cash by taking up wise cash management practices. b) Glaxo Smith Kline’s (GSK) management has planned to put an end to the frenetic expansion of the brand, Horlicks and focus on launching new varieties in the biscuits segment. 2) Organizing is the next step which follows planning. Organization of the resources means bringing them together and employing them in the right place, thereby achieving the goals of the company. It is a process as well as a structure. It deals with arranging the ways for executing the plans of the business for attaining its goals. It gives an appropriate structure to the administration of the organization and works hard for its future improvement. It involves different aspects like a span of control, segregation of departments, foundation of super ior-subordinate relationships, a delegation of authority and provision for coordinating a range of business activities. Examples a) Organization of the necessary resources is needed for executing a successful plan. In the case of P&G, it is important to collect all the financial data of the company and make the decision of extending the credit period for the suppliers. Thus, the organization of the proper resources is required in this case. b) The extensive market survey of GSK regarding the expansion of Horlicks has made them aware of the fact that the process of extension is becoming chaotic. Thus, the information is organized properly in order to take the decision for ceasing the extension of the brand. ` 3) Staffing Staffing can be referred to as the requirement of manpower for executing certain business plans. Staffing is a part of the managerial function consists of selection, recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal and determination of salaries and wages. The requirement of this process arises at the initial stage and there is a regular need for time to time replacement of the staffs along with diversification and expansion of the business activities (Morden, 2004). The basic need of every business is the stable, efficient and cooperative staff for management of the business activities. Thus, it can be deducted that manpower is a significant asset for the business unit. In most of the organizations, the development and planning activities of manpower are delegated to the human resource department managers and the personnel manager (Griffin, 2006). â€Å"Right man for the right job† is the main principle for the staffing process, successful operation of the organization is dependent on the skillful labor (Griffin, 2006). Examples 4) Controlling Controlling is referred to as the most vital function of the management. It is highly necessary in the case of individuals and departments so as to avoid wrong actions and activities. C ontrolling includes three broad aspects namely, setting up benchmarks of performance, evaluating work-in-progress and inferring results achieved and lastly, taking remedial actions when required.

Frederick Douglas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Frederick Douglas - Essay Example Largely, he did this through public speaking engagements and his writing. The first thing he published was the autobiographical Narrative of the Life of an American Slave in 1845. After which, he served as publisher of a newspaper, The North Star, before publishing his second novel, My Bondage and My Freedom, a decade later. While those works (which will be discussed later) were about his life, he later became a political activist in his pursuit to help people less advantaged than he. Surrounding the time that "Reconstruction" and "Appeal" were written, there was a lot of political activity, including the aforementioned Abolitionist Movement, which lasted from sometime in the 1830s, until about 1870. This movement should not be confused with the abolitionist movement started by feminists who wanted to end prostitution (arguing that prostitution was also a form of slavery). Instead, the Abolitionist Movement was fundamental in founding the Anti-Slave Society, which aimed at declaring that those enslaved should immediately become free. The Abolitionist Movement saw the end of slavery, but participants didn't consider its job complete. Once black people were free, they advocated for better education for them, so that men especially would get better jobs. If they could work, they'd be better able to support their families. The movement insisted on healthcare for freed slaves. It also offered assistance in helping family member locate other family members from whom they'd been separated during slavery. When the Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed African-American male suffrage, the Movement proper was over. In 1865, Congress had established the Freedman's Bureau. It helped with the tasks of education, healthcare, and jobs, and even the reunification of families. The Freedman's Bureau was especially helpful to refugees of the American Civil War. African-American women took up causes that affected black women at the time, and later, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed to aid all colored persons. All of this helped make Douglass the writer he became. When he wrote "Reconstruction," the Civil War had ended and the country was in a reconstructive state. The "Reconstruction" argument was that although the war had ended, there were still changes to be made. He wrote, "All that is necessary to be done is to make the government consistent with itself, and render the rights of the States compatible with the sacred rights of human nature" (para. 3). He was insisting that the government take a stand within each state, and remain consistent in supporting the rights of all people. He asked that citizens of the United States be able to move, interchangeably, throughout the states and have the same rights in each one. He finished his essay with the opinion that he was not the only person, nor were there only black people, who wanted equality for everyone. He wrote, "This great measure is sought as earnestly by loyal white men as by loyal blacks, and is needed alike by both. Let sound pol itical prescience but take the place of an unreasoning prejudice, and this will be done" (para. 10). In "An Appeal to Congress for Impartial Suffrage," Douglass' message was just as political, just as strong. His main focus was on the right to vote for African Americans. He asked Congress how they could have