Gender Expectations and Courtship in As You Like It and Twelfth Night - Literature Essay Samples

Although some Shakespearean plays carve out a more passive, male-defined role for women, such as that which is exemplified through Ophelia’s obedience to Polonius in Hamlet, the comedies of As You Like It and Twelfth Night explore women’s potential for unexpected honesty, especially within the dynamics of courtship. In As You Like It, the female character Rosalind, who is disguised as a male named Ganymede, is defined by her interactions with Phoebe and Orlando. As a result of contact with each of these characters, Rosalind articulates some variety of truth either about the other character’s personality or the societal conception of appropriate behavior for their gender. The character of Countess Olivia in Twelfth Night, however, expresses her personal attitude about others less for the purpose of exploring the tendencies of human nature than for the hope of obtaining the favor of those to whom she is attracted. In both of the aforementioned plays, female courtsh ip seems to be primarily centered upon a desire to express a certain truth, either about themselves or other characters with whom they interact. The motivation for expressing this inner thought, however, tends to be dictated by the behavioral expectations for their gender. In the case of Rosalind, honest speech is produced as a result of the newfound social freedom associated with her adoption of a male physical appearance. Within the purely feminine appearance of Olivia, however, courtship seems to be driven by a more emotional concern for her amorous future rather than an attempt to improve those with whom her security is not inextricably linked. This social freedom through the realm of courtship is first illustrated through Rosalind’s interaction with the shepherdess Phoebe, who is averse to the advances of a shepherd named Silvius. After the audience experiences Silvius’ painful and apparently repeated rejection by the shepherdess, Rosalind urges, †¦mistress, know yourself; down on your knees / And thank heaven, fasting, for a good man’s love; / For I must tell you with a friendly ear, / Sell when you can. You are not for all markets.† (As You Like It 3.5.110-113) Although Rosalind claims that she uses a â€Å"friendly ear† to make the shepherdess aware of the negative traits that make her unappealing to any other man, it is rather obvious that these comments are instead of an extremely harsh nature. Though Rosalind is primarily motivated to disguise herself as a male because of the physical safety from danger the gender provides, she is also unknowingly presented with social safety. She now possesses the ability to comment upon others’ lack of social success not only without producing animosity but also by ironically eliciting amorous feelings. This concept is exemplified in Phoebe’s later assertion that, even though the qualities of her personality have been consistently abused by Rosalind, â€Å"â € ¦the scorn in your bright eyne / Have power to raise such love in mine, / Alack, in me what strange effect / Would they work in mild aspect?† (As You Like It 4.3.50-54). Ultimately, though Rosalind does not intend to invite an intimate relationship with the shepherdess, she represents a form of truth not bestowed upon her by Silvius that she finds attractive. Whereas Silvius usually showers her with innumerable compliments, Rosalind increases Phoebe’s awareness of her own ugly personality. Therefore, the honesty this male persona produces is accepted simply because Rosalind presents a different variety of courtship that the shepherdess finds more appealing. If Rosalind were not embodying a male figure, Phoebe would not be attracted to her criticisms and therefore would not react positively to her. This freedom associated with her gender ultimately allows her expression of disapproval of the shepherdess’ actions to be positively received. In contrast to these conversations with Phoebe which primarily concern a specific critique of her far too selective romantic standards, Rosalind’s later interactions with Orlando exemplify a different sort of social analysis: that of general gender characteristics. Although Rosalind’s love for Orlando, as well as his overwhelming attraction to her, is made clear after his decisive defeat of the wrestler Charles in the first act, Rosalind displays a different sentiment entirely after her embodiment of Ganymede’s persona. When Orlando claims that he cannot be cured of his love attachment, Rosalind asserts that she has previously pretended to be the female that another man powerfully desired and thatHe was to imagine [her] his love, his mistress; and [she] sent him every day to woo [her]. At which time would [she]†¦now like him, now loathe him; then entertain him, then forswear him; now weep for him, then spit at him, that [she] drave [her] suitor from his mad humour of love to a living humour of madness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (As You Like It 3.2.364-374)It is within this passage that Rosalind first uses her disguise to comment upon accepted gender roles through her contemplation of the unpredictable nature of women. It is evident that Rosalind believes herself to have significant insight upon certain aspects of gender that can cause a relationship to proliferate or fail. This opinion, when coupled with her aforementioned personal criticism of Phoebe’s personality, displays that this character’s sense of successful courtship is greatly rooted in what these gender roles deem to be appropriate. If a woman is unreasonable in her action, such as is shown in the above quotation, the amorous emotions of a male can rarely tolerate the strain. This interaction between Rosalind and Orlando, then, is based upon the same premises as her criticism of Phoebe in that, though Phoebe is scrutinized on a more personal level, both situations maintain the same truth abou t amorous relationships as related to cultural constraints. It is only through the freedom that seemingly male-male communication produces that these opinions about females, specifically those which concern the behavior of Orlando’s beloved, can be expressed without offense. This decision to aid Orlando in ridding himself of his love for Rosalind further develops a significant relationship which ultimately provides the opportunity for even more direct criticism to be well received. Rosalind later extends her assessment of the social premises of courtship to the general tendencies of men as she states that â€Å"†¦men are April when they woo, December when they wed. May when they are maids, but the sky changes when they are wives† (As You Like It 4.1.124-127). Comparable to Rosalind’s honest expression of the stereotypical nature of women, she once again freely criticizes Orlando, but this time concentrates upon a female’s interactions with the opposi te sex. Through this quotation, Rosalind seems to challenge the long term validity of Orlando’s love attachment and asserts that, despite the fact that he now claims to be devoted to his love’s satisfaction, his later actions will prove to be identical to those of other men. She even continues this generalization of his character as she later declares, â€Å"I knew what you would prove; my friends told me as much, and I thought no less. That flattering tongue of yours won me† (As You Like It 4.1.156-158). Rosalind’s mention of Orlando’s â€Å"flattering tongue† once again makes reference to the idea of false wooing that ultimately terminates after the woman has been contractually obtained. This criticism of negative male characteristics, as well as those of females mentioned previously, is made possible due to the closer relationship Rosalind forms with Orlando as a result of her altered physical appearance. The male disguise that Rosalind c reates results in the development of friendship between the characters. This in turn allows her criticisms of Orlando’s nature as well as those of his beloved to be interpreted as playful jest rather than mean-spirited reproach. Although many of Rosalind’s judgments maintain a certain level of clarity, they would not be looked upon favorably unless she is able to create, in the case of Orlando, the friendship which serves to validate these claims. Within her interactions both with Phoebe and Orlando, Rosalind provides a refreshing escape from the characters with whom they usually interact and, as a result of their being supplied with what they perceive to be a much desired companion, they accept Rosalind’s candid nature. Although the freedom of expression embodied by Rosalind is primarily motivated by her need to comment upon others’ social shortcomings, Olivia is more directed by obtaining that which she desires. When she is confronted with yet another f emale character dressed as a male, Viola, she makes an attempt to seize the opportunity for personal support that seems to be offered her. After a conversation with Viola in which she inquires as to her social stature, she reflects on Viola’s answer as well as the nature of her own abrupt change in emotion: ‘What is your parentage?’ / ‘Above my fortunes, yet my state is well. / I am a gentleman.’ I’ll be sworn thou art. / Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions and spirit / Do give thee five-fold blazon. Not too fast. Soft, soft / Unless the master were the man. How now? / Even so quickly one may catch the plague? / Methinks I feel this youth’s perfections / With an invisible and subtle stealth / To creep in at mine eyes. Well, let it be. (Twelfth Night 1.5.259-268)It seems that Viola’s revelation of her status solidifies the positive regard that Olivia has developed and that, though she wonders at the sudden affect that their s hort conversations have produced, this technicality of social privilege more clearly defines the possibility of a successful relationship. Although Olivia is, at this point, able to be internally honest about her emotions, it is not until later in the play that she is able to explicitly express her desires to Viola in an attempt to forcibly create mutual amorous attachment. She confesses that By maidenhood, honor, truth, and everything / I love thee so that, maugre all thy pride, / Nor wit nor reason can my passion hide†¦ / Love sought is good, but given unsought is better†¦ / Yet come again, for thou perhaps mayst move / That heart which now abhors, to like this love. (Twelfth Night 3.1.141-155)This evolution from an inner expression of truth to one that is explicitly directed at another character exemplifies the fact that Olivia employs honesty when she feels it is necessary in order to obtain a sort of emotional security, even if the second party is unwilling. It is evident through Olivia’s final words to Viola that Olivia is of the opinion that, if Viola would only spend more time with her, the powerful attraction that Olivia feels would eventually become mutual. Ultimately, it seems that Olivia believes that her decision to allow herself to be vulnerable enough to express her emotions should immediately produce the effect which she so desperately desires. Olivia further exercises her autonomy when she essentially demands marriage between herself and Sebastian, whom she thinks to be Viola. This truth of expression that augments in strength throughout the play culminates in a proposal so powerful in its nature that even a male character cannot refuse. She states that â€Å"Thou canst not choose but go. / Do not deny. Beshrew his soul for me. / He started one poor heart of mine in thee†¦ / Nay, come, I prithee, would thou’dst be ruled by me.† (Twelfth Night 4.1.53-60) It is most important to note that, in this particul ar instance, Olivia is successful in obtaining a man through her own agency that she believes to be the one she has been attempting to court throughout the play. Although she does display the same powerful freedom of expression which is embodied by Rosalind, she is motivated not by a desire to inform others of their personality flaws but rather by the inclination toward forming a more secure future for herself. In fact, Olivia seems to display a form of autonomy that is reminiscent of that which is exhibited by Rosalind in that, though she does not match the physical appearance of a male, she is equally as forthright. It could be suggested by these similarities that Olivia’s background, which does not include of any sort of older guiding figure, has allowed her to act like an independent male, due to the fact that there is no one else to make decisions for her. It is shown through Olivia’s character that, when a female is forced to create her own positive life circumst ances, she may be afforded the right to speak and act more honestly. Despite the fact that only Rosalind personifies the male gender both in personality and in physicality, Olivia also has the ability to seize control of her interactions with other characters through her candor. It seems to be suggested through these different examples of autonomy that a male character, or even the character of Rosalind disguised as a male, is able to interact with others solely upon the basis of a detached criticism which is simultaneously independent of emotion. Despite the fact that Rosalind is in love with Orlando throughout the play, she is able to successfully embody her charade of a well meaning friend without allowing too much of her own feelings to be detected. In the case of Olivia, however, despite the fact that she is able to express herself freely in a way that is suggestive of a male, she is never truly able to separate from her relationships with other characters her desire for obtai ning a male companion. Ultimately, both plays seem to comment upon the exploration of societal construction of gender and could reiterate that a female character’s potential for freedom of expression involves a true separation from desire that they often cannot seem to achieve without the male physicality to accompany it.

Facts About Eohippus

In paleontology, correctly naming a new genus of an extinct animal can often be a long, tortured affair. Eohippus, aka Hyracotherium, is a good case study: This prehistoric horse was first described by the famous 19th century paleontologist Richard Owen, who mistook it for an ancestor of the hyrax, a small hoofed mammal—hence the name he bestowed on it in 1876, Greek for hyrax-like mammal. A few decades later, another eminent paleontologist, Othniel C. Marsh, gave a similar skeleton discovered in North America the more memorable name Eohippus, or dawn horse. Since Hyracotherium and Eohippus were considered for a long time to be identical, the rules of paleontology dictated that this mammal be called by its original name, the one bestowed by Owen. Never mind that Eohippus was the name used in countless encyclopedias, childrens books, and TV shows. Now, the weight of opinion is that Hyracotherium and Eohippus were closely related, but they were not identical. The result is that its once again kosher to refer to the American specimen, at least, as Eohippus. Amusingly, the late evolutionary scientist Stephen Jay Gould railed against the depiction of Eohippus in the popular media as a fox-size mammal, when in fact it was the size of a deer. Ancestor of Modern Horses Theres a similar amount of confusion about whether Eohippus or Hyracotherium deserves to be called the first horse. When you go back in the fossil record 50 million or so years, it can be difficult, verging on impossible, to identify the ancestral forms of any given extant species. Today, most paleontologists classify Hyracotherium as a palaeothere, that is, a perissodactyl, or odd-toed ungulate, ancestral to horses and the giant plant-eating mammals known as brontotheres typified by Brontotherium, the thunder beast. Its close cousin Eohippus, on the other hand, seems to deserve a place more firmly in the equid than in the palaeothere family tree, though, of course, this is still up for debate. Whatever you choose to call it, Eohippus was clearly at least partly ancestral to all modern-day horses, as well as to the numerous species of prehistoric horse, such as Epihippus and Merychippus, that roamed the North American and Eurasian plains of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. As with many such evolutionary precursors, Eohippus didnt look much like a horse, with its slender, deerlike, 50-pound body and three- and four-toed feet. Also, judging by the shape of its teeth, Eohippus munched on low-lying leaves rather than grass. In the early Eocene epoch, during which Eohippus lived, grasses had yet to spread across the North American plains, which spurred the evolution of grass-eating equids. Facts About Eohippus Eohippus, Greek for dawn horse, pronounced EE-oh-HIP-us; also known (possibly not correctly) as Hyracotherium, Greek for hyrax-like beast, pronounced HIGH-rack-oh-THEE-ree-um Habitat: Woodlands of North America and Western Europe Historical Epoch: Early-Middle Eocene (55 million to 45 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet high and 50 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; four-toed front and three-toed back feet

Moral Development And The Social Learning Theory Essay

This essay will examine moral development and the theories of cognitive development and the Social Learning theory. It will also cover key theorists and their perspectives moving on to different kinds of development followed by an evaluation of the chosen theories and the studies that surround their validity. The final segment will be of the nature nurture aspect. Moral development is essentially the ability to distinguish right from wrong actions and good from bad behaviour. Albert Bandura believed in the social learning theory and that morality is developed by the individual through observation and imitation. The social learning theory is the perspective that suggests people learn within a social context. The concept is that when there is a stimulus there is a response in accordance to the stimuli. (Bandura, 1965) This is Referred to as â€Å"monkey see, monkey do.† Bandura’s work is based on the concept all behaviour is learned and so the factors surrounding the behaviour effect how it is perceived. A well-known experiment conducted by Bandura is the â€Å"bobo doll experiment† In this experiment Bandura had three groups of children and let them watch a video of an adult displaying different models of behaviour whilst interacting with the doll with either positive , neutral or negative reinforcement. The children imitated their observations of the actors. The conclusion of the Experiment was that children learn through observation and vicarious reinforcement. (Bandura, RossShow MoreRelatedSocial and Moral Development Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectual, social and moral development of infants at birth and as they grow into adults are through the developmental theories. Some of the developmental theories are sexual development, social development and moral development. 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Organisational Behavior Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1792 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Organizational Behavior Final Paper Organizations throughout the world constantly look for ways to improve their function. One way to do so is to look at how each individual behaves within the structure of the organization. Organizational behavior is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s effectiveness.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The vital aspect of communication plays an immense role in organizational behavior because miscommunication within an organization will most likely reduce productivity and has a high possibility of increasing error as well. Communication in general, is the process in which an individual modifies his or her response based on the behavior of the recipient of a message. The more accurate communication is transmitted throughout an organization in a both positive and supported manner often produces great sociability among the working staff. Even having clear and consistent communication will encourage a more productive workplace behavior. Such role of communication in organizational behavior creates a better feeling within workers making them feel as if they are in control of their environment. Organizations look to encourage positive communication between staff and clients, which has truly shown nothing but positive results. Good communication is one of the most important tools in any organization, which can make or break a company. The operations within HanesBrands are an exceptional example of the effects of the communication process. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“HanesBrands designs, manufactures, sources and sells a broad range of apparel essentials such as T-shirts, bras, panties, menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s underwear, kidsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ underwear, casualwear, active wear, socks and hosiery.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (www.wikiinvest.com). I t is safe to say that HanesBrands has been largely successful not only because of their comfortable and fitting clothing, but because of the positive working environment within the organization. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of HanesBrands Inc., Richard A. Noll takes a unique approach of using a metaphor to describe the importance of communication within an organization in the article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“HanesBrands CEO Stresses Communicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  writing by Mark D. Burd. This article highlights a presentation given by Noll to students at Tepper School of Business where he gives students his insights, career advice, and an explanation of the success of HanesBrands. According to Burd, Richard A. Noll likened his career to white water rafting. At times, he states the water is calm, but you always have to be prepared for strong currents and rocks ahead. With a career in white water rafting, Noll would use his preparation of anticipating strong currents and rocks into a business perspective. Noll says, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“When you come out of school, you want to fine-tune your skills over the next decade. You have to learn to execute very well. Because you are going to hit those rocks later on. Those rocks are going to come faster and more furiously. You have to become better at bouncing off them.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (HanesBrands CEO Stresses Communication, Burd). What Noll means by this is that students look to sharpen their knowledge and wrap everything they have learned around their future employment. This may be a simple task at first, but without full preparation, conflicts can arise. Noll expresses that you can get too comfortable with routines and forget that even the slightest change can cause serious problems. HanesBrands has in fact experienced a problem with this in the past. One party within the organization changed prices and announced the change on their website without contacting other parties. This not only led to conflict within the o rganization, but unsatisfied customers. Now, HanesBrands faced conflict within the organization and a threat of customers going to competition. Here, there was poor communication. In order to prevent this from happening, the sooner you let other individuals or departments know about any changes planned, the less likely another individual or department will be left in a difficult situation. Despite a minor miscommunication with in HanesBrands operation, the well-known company has proven to rise above past mistakes and create a successful business and a positive working environment because of proper communication. Noll holds a good communication process responsible for HanesBrands wide success. It is by far, the most important aspect within organizations. Noll expresses, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If one has the want to be in any business or organization, they would have to communicate their ideas and thoughts to broad audiences.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Senior Manager in the Athletics Marketing at Han esBrands states that strong communication and leadership skills have successfully guided her to lead projects, create action and resolve issues. Such strong communication throughout an organization keeps a controlled and positive environment but more importantly, it allows companies to operate in a successful manner. Even in the latest recession, HanesBrands didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose a step in their business operation. Noll says, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We did well in a recession, business was booming in 2010. We are in 80 percent of United States households. Few Brands can claim that. Our consumers use our products every single day of their lives, come recession, come war, come good and bad times.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (HanesBrands CEO Stresses Communication, Burd). Jenn Fusion of Demand Media explains why HanesBrands was successful in an economic crisis and still is today in her article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Why Effective Communication is Important for Businesses.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… “Companies that communicate with courage, innovation and discipline, especially during times of economic challenge and change, are more effective at engaging employees and achieving desired business results.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Jamie Wallis, Marketing Manager at HanesBrands states that she is a strategic brand-marketing executive with strong experience in digital marketing, social media, relations, and brand strategy. Her skills at developing successful marketing campaigns while possessing excellent interpersonal and written communication skills have proven to be a main reason of HanesBrands success. It is because of employees and managers like Karen Swart and Jamie Wallis who encourage the communication process that has led to HanesBrands wide range of success across the globe. (Why Effective Communication is Important for Businesses, Fusion). HanesBrands communication process demonstrates how to implement proper communication within business. The company is a prime example for oth er companies looking for a successful business, and a positive working environment. Unfortunately, not all companies across the globe find such great success because of their communication process within business. HanesBrands has seen great results because of their ability to communicate within the organization. Yes, this may seem like a simple task but it is far from simple. Toyota Motor Corporation recently experienced harsh consequences for poor communication. In 2009, a public relations nightmare that had been brewing had become a full-fledged storm of terrible publicity when Toyota Motors Corporation recalled over 8.1 million vehicles due to a gas pedal and unintentional acceleration concern on February 4th, 2010. This led to the distrust of Toyota owners towards the previously well-trusted company all because of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s inactions. (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Timeline of Toyota Recall Woesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2010). Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s public relations resp onse to the recall crisis was extremely slow causing many Americans to believe that the company had something to hide. The CEO of the company, Akio Toyoda, made a statement about the crisis on February 5th, 2010 as the American media criticized the company for a lack of transparency and action. Toyota had in fact been taking action. The issue was the Toyota had been practicing Japanese style public relations and was unprepared to face the cultural differences that turned the crisis into a media firestorm. This created more difficulty for the company because Toyota was faced differing viewpoints of its public relations practitioners in the two countries. (A Timeline of Toyota Recall Woes, 2010). While the recall crisis took place, Media reports were on the rise of Japanese and American public relations practitioners as they would get into screaming matches during phone conferences while trying to convince one another whose way of communication was more effective. Nothing was good to come because of this and proved to be ineffective for both sides. Toyota representatives wasted time arguing about how to handle the crisis instead of addressing the issues. For many countries, public relations can vary. In this case, the United States and Japan experience extreme difficulty in their communication process within the organization of Toyota. Public relations in Japan differ greatly from American communication. The article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s President Getting Harsh PR Lessonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  posted on the CBS Newsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ website states that when a crisis strikes in Asian countries, the company involved works silently to resolve the problem before addressing the media. In the United States, this method is seen as unprofessional where consumers, and other affected parties expect answers first followed by actions. Akio Toyoda quickly discovered the harsh reality of American business. In America, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CEO o r President is to address whatever wrongdoing has taken place within the company that has potential, or as already effected customers when in crisis. However, apologies are not enough in America, as citizens desire answers and explanations. (Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s President Getting Harsh PR Lesson). In the article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s President Getting Harsh PR Lessonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  explain the contrast between the United States and Asian communication norms. Toyodaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“poor crisis-management skills, couples with a corporate culture built on doing things slowly by consensusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  are determined to be the reasons of Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s public relations difficulties. Even with the rise of technology, globalization still spreads across the world. However, Toyota combined with Japanese methods of public relations unfortunately doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t translate well with other countries. So how does Toyota fix this p roblem? The Toyota crisis would eventually fade from the media and Toyoda took several steps on ways to improve the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s communication methods. Toyoda tried to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ shake up Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hidebound corporate culture by seeking outside advice.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s President Getting Harsh PR Lesson). However, it is still unclear of what steps Toyota has taken to resolve cultural issues and their public relations conflicts. After the crisis, Toyota would regain its pristine reputation making an outstanding comeback. In 2011, Toyota was the most purchased brand of new cars. (Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s President Getting Harsh PR Lesson). Toyota could have used several recommendations to avoid crisis. Before the crisis, the company should have held a mandatory cross-cultural program having representatives and executives of the company in different countries interact with one another. This would help them learn more ab out business practices of differing cultures before implementation. Even after the crisis, each of the public relations teams in different countries should have developed a specialized response for each countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expectations when conflict arises. Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s public relations conflict clearly indicates how not to practice effective public relations. However, this will guide other companies from making similar mistakes. The recovery Toyota has had after their crisis is evidence that in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fast-paced world, consumers are forgiving if the company itself is willing to improve making drastic changes along the way. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisational Behavior Assignment" essay for you Create order

Toni Morrison s The - 1306 Words

Toni Morrison, â€Å"Recitatif† In what way does Toni Morrison tease out society’s tendency to place racial categories on individuals? In what way does Morrison’s text strip itself of racial categories? Toni Morrison teases out the society’s tendency to place racial categories on individual for the praise the American being praised because of the so called equality them posses. He teases people by stating that everyone is a racist at some point. He describes a world free of racists can only happen in dreams and not in reality, The fact that people believe American believe that the people consider the African American culture part of the white American culture so as to end the racist is a total lie since the truth of the matter is that the†¦show more content†¦Why does â€Å"Recitatif† continually return to references of the orchard and to Maggie? What is significant in these continual references? What are we to make of the confusion Twyla experiences in her memories of these t hings? In recitative continually return to references of the orchard to show how Maggie an outsider was treated and does not experience solidarity with anyone. When she falls down in the orchard, Maggie is the recipient of others scorn and abuse. â€Å"She experiences the same from Twyla and Roberta, something that Twyla clearly remembers: I think we were wrong. I think she could hear and didn t let on. And it shames me even now to think there was somebody in there after all who heard us call her those names and couldn t tell on us.† It clearly shows that Maggie did not have any ones solidarity as opposed to Twyla and Roberta who could provide each other solidarity. The suffering of Maggie assisted in establishing how the social settings were and still is constructed. It is clear that the racists are not a near end story and the agitators are slowly losing hope in it. If the story can be divided into 5 sections (5 encounters between Twyla and Roberta), what are these and what do they mean? There was racial prejudice among the parents as Roberta mother refuses to shake marries extended hand as she belongs to a different race. In the school where they had been kept by their parents showed that they can forget about

Family in Dead Poet’s Society’s Neil Perry Free Essays

Neal Perry is one of the major characters in the Peter Weir 1989 film Dead Poet’s Society which starred Robin Williams as Professor John Keating who inspired the lives of his students at Welton Academy. Actor Robert Sean Leonard portrays Neal Perry and plays as a pressured student who is passionate about theatre. In this film, family plays a large role in the development of the plot and the characters in the film most especially Neil Perry’s family who later can be assumed as the reason for Neil’s suicide. We will write a custom essay sample on Family in Dead Poet’s Society’s Neil Perry or any similar topic only for you Order Now His parents are presented in the film as the typical aristocrats who hold themselves responsible for their child’s future career. Mr. Perry is a father who dictates what he and his wife think is the best for Neil without considering his interests. Clearly, this puts Neil in a very frustrating situation as he struggles to pursue his dreams and please his parents. Her mother who at some point can be regarded as softer than his father, she also contributes to the pressure being put upon Neil. They want him to become a doctor someday which reveals that they want him to be in a profession where there is a stable income. Being an actor clearly does not appeal to them as the profession does not always provide stability. Also, it can be assumed that Neil’s parents are also dictated by the society around. They are also victims of conformity who want to establish their reputation in the higher class of their society. John Keating, the English professor of Neil Perry has definitely influenced his way of thinking. Mr. Keating inspired him to â€Å"Seize the day† and pursue his dreams despite the dictates of his family or society. Neil responds to this by pursuing a role in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. He does so without the consent of his parents. However, the move just worsens his situation as he is instructed to leave Welton to enter a military school. Apparently, Neil believes he had had enough of his parents’ dictates in his life that he finally resorts to suicide. In Neil’s situation, it is quite hard to determine whether it is Mr. Keating’s teachings that led him to taking his life. What Mr. Keating intends to teach is non-conformity—for students to practice freedom and pursue their dreams for their own fulfillment. For this matter, it can be assumed that Neil would not have taken suicide if he had not met Mr. Keating. It is Mr. Keating who taught him to pursue his dreams no matter what and his act of taking the role of Puck in A Midsummer Night’s Dream led his parents to have him quit school for military. Before Mr. Keating, Neil has always been the obedient child who always followed his parent’s orders. Without Mr. Keating, he would not have auditioned for the character role for it would be disobedience to his parents. Without Mr. Keating, he would probably be still stuck in the medicine field too weak to stand up for his own and defend himself to his parents. He would not have known freedom and would still have conformed to the rules of his family and society. His passion in acting would not have been ignited by Mr. Keating’s teachings. Clearly, Mr. Keating has influenced his way of thinking that led him to become more frustrated in life. However, suicide is not acceptabl e as the only way out. With Mr. Keating’s teachings of non-conformity, Neil could have pursued his dreams by himself and detach himself from his tyrannical parents. He could have made a living of his own by accepting acting roles. In addition, he could have asked Mr. Keating for help. Mr. Keating could have talked to his parents and convinced them that their son is not a machine that they could run by themselves. He needs to have a life of his won. There are a lot of other ways to solve his predicament without him taking his life. Clearly, his parents have become too much of a burden for him emotionally that a boy of his intelligence was unable to think straight in such a hard time. In this film, the purpose of one’s family is given emphasis as the major supporter of one’s life. Neil Perry has lost all the support that he needs when his parents forced him into things that he does not want to do. His family is unable to understand his passion which creates a discrepancy in his way of living that he resorts to suicide. One’s family is as important as the air that we breathe. Living without their support can clearly make life miserable in ways that it makes life feel unworthy. How to cite Family in Dead Poet’s Society’s Neil Perry, Essays

The Waste Land By T.S. Eliot Essay Example For Students

The Waste Land By T.S. Eliot Essay SPEECH/LANGUAGE (I)In the poem, The Waste Land, T. S. Eliot gives a primarily positive connotation by using the theme of speech, language, and failure of speech. In each of the sections, Eliot shows how speech and communication are important in life. He also shows that speech cannot always accomplish what actions can. The way the characters in the poem use speech show that speech and communication are important. A Game of Chess This section may be the best example of communication in the whole poem. While many of the other themes are present, the main part of this section deal with the interaction between two people, in two different places. Although at first these conversations seem to be very fruitless and unproductive, at the end it is revealed that what was trying to beaccomplished by the conversations happens anyway. The first part of A Game of Chess tells of a man and a woman having dinner. A very elaborate description of the dinner scene, the woman, and the sights and smells that fill the room. After dinner to woman tries to engage the man in conversation but to no avail. As she continues to get more frustrated with and his unwillingness to answer her questions, it would seem Eliot is showing how speech and communication do not accomplish their intended goals. The woman keeps asking the man what he wants to do after dinner, but only his thoughts are revealed to thereader, he does not respond to the woman. Eventually after the womans tiring effort to get a response they still end up taking a carriage ride and playing a game of chess. So while the woman thought that she was getting no where with him, she actually achieved exactly what she wanted. In this sense a transformation occurs from the point in which the woman thought that she was getting no where to the point where she realized that he ha d been listening the whole time, and she still got to do what she wanted to do. The second part of this section tells of two women whos husbands are off to war. One is telling the other that she should try to make herself look good for her husband upon his return. She insists that she has no reason for looking good and that she does not want anymore kidsanyway. The woman eventually get fed up with her ignorance and says that her husband may leave her if she does not change for him. Here it seems that communication is also pointless because no matter how much the woman tries to change the others mind she stillrefuses to change. When the husbands do finally return though, they are still happy to see their wives and the section ends with good night, ladies which shows that the husbands were happy to see their wives no matter what they looked like. The same transformation occurs here aswell. In the beginning the conversation seems to be going nowhere but what was trying to get accomplished still does. What the Thunder Said This final section talks about the salvatio n of the Waste Land. This dry arid place must have water to go on existing and to change from the state that it is in now. The thunder can be heard from beyond the mountain but it is not coming over into the valley to save the Waste Land. A story is told of a woman who plays a violin with a strand of her hair as a bow. This music brings singing from the empty cisterns and wells of the land, and eventually it is this womans song which brings the rains to the Waste Land. Although it is not speech, this is a form of communication, and it shows the importance of it. The song is the salvation of the Waste Land. When the rains finally come, the thunder speaks with the voice of the gods. It repeats over and over the word Da, which comes from the Upanishads. It can be translated in three different ways by the gods, man, or demons. This shows that while one thing is said it can beinterpreted in many ways depending upon the listener. No matter how it is interpreted though, the thunder and its voice have renewed this arid place. Once more Eliot shows that communication is the key to keeping the world from becoming a Waste Land, and that it is the only thing that can save it. All these examples from each section show how Eliot us es speech and failure of speech to give the image of the poem a positive connotation. The way that Eliot presents this theme in the poem is positive because he shows that speech and communication are important. .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a , .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .postImageUrl , .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a , .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a:hover , .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a:visited , .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a:active { border:0!important; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a:active , .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72cd88805051fcdbad612330471fb72a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Brutality EssayPoetry Essays